Base from the article given 1.) how will you define ethics in research? 2.) Are the Tuskegee syphilis study and diethylstilbestrol study on pregnant women unethical? Why? 3.) What will you do to correct the unethical aspect of the experiments?
Base from the article given 1.) how will you define ethics in research? 2.) Are the Tuskegee syphilis study and diethylstilbestrol study on pregnant women unethical? Why? 3.) What will you do to correct the unethical aspect of the experiments?
Social Psychology (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN:9780134641287
Author:Elliot Aronson, Timothy D. Wilson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers
Publisher:Elliot Aronson, Timothy D. Wilson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers
Chapter1: Introducing Social Psychology
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ1
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Base from the article given
1.) how will you define ethics in research?
2.) Are the Tuskegee syphilis study and diethylstilbestrol study on pregnant women unethical? Why?
3.) What will you do
to correct the unethical aspect of the experiments?
Transcribed Image Text:The nature of ethical problems in qualitative research studies is subtle and different from quantitative
research problems. For example, potential ethical conflicts exist concerning how a researcher gains access to a
community group and the effects the researcher may have on participants. The literature provides few examples
of ethical issues in qualitative health research. Punch (1994) claimed that one hardly ever hears of ethical
failures in qualitative research. However, Batchelor and Briggs (1994) contended that researchers' failure to
address ethical issues has resulted in those researchers being ill-prepared to cope with qualitative research's
unpredictable nature.
Qualitative researchers focus their research on exploring, examining, and describing people and their
natural environments. Embedded in qualitative research are the concepts of relationships a. power between
researchers and participants. The desire to participate in a research study depends on a participant's willingness
to share their own experience. Nurse researchers have to balance research principles and the well-being of
clients (Ramos, 1989). Qualitative health research is focused on the experiences of people concerning health
and illness. Yet, nurse researchers may find that their roles as researchers and as clinicians may be in conflict.
Qualitative studies are frequently conducted in settings involving the participation of people in their everyday
environments. Therefore, any research that includes people requires an awareness of the ethical issues derived
from such interactions. Ethics in health research include the appropriateness of the research design, the
methodological design, the funding sources, and the behaviors in reporting data. The purpose of this paper is to
show these and related ethical issues and principles to be used in qualitative research (Orb, 2000).
Source: Ethics in Qualitative Research by A. Orb, L. Eisenhauer,and D. Wynaden (2000)
Transcribed Image Text:Ethics in Qualitative Research
Ethical issues are present in any kind of research. The research process creates tension between the
aims of the study to make generalizations for others' good and participants' rights to maintain privacy. Ethics
pertains to doing well and avoiding harm. Harm can be prevented or reduced through the application of
appropriate ethical principles. Thus, the protection of human subjects or participants in any research study is
imperative.
Violations of human rights in the name of scientific research have been among the darkest events in
history. From 1932 to 1972, more than 400 African-American people who had syphilis were deliberately left
untreated to study the illness. Although the Tuskegee syphilis study was sponsored by the United States Public
Health Service, the disclosure of the 40-year research caused public outrage (Caplan, 1992).
Another example of unethical research is the experiment conducted between 1950 and 1952. More than
1,000 pregnant women were given diethylstilbestrol to prevent miscarriages. These women were subject to a
double-blind study without consent. Only 20 years later, when the children of these women had high rates of
cancer and other abnormalities, did the participants learn they were subjects of these experiments (Capron,
1989).
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