States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
![### Balancing Chemical Equations
This interactive module helps students learn how to balance chemical equations. The equation shown on the screen is a part of the exercise:
\[ \mathbf{2} \; \text{XCl}_2 (\text{aq}) + \mathbf{2} \; \text{AgNO}_3 (\text{aq}) \rightarrow \mathbf{0} \; \text{X(NO}_3\text{)_2 (\text{aq})} + \mathbf{0} \; \text{AgCl (s)} \]
The goal is to adjust the coefficients (the numbers in front of each compound) to ensure that the same number of each type of atom appears on both sides of the equation. The text above each compound shows the number to be adjusted, indicated by blue up and down arrows.
#### Diagram Explanation:
- **The Reaction Box:**
- On the left side of the arrow are the reactants: \( \text{XCl}_2 (\text{aq}) \) and \( \text{AgNO}_3 (\text{aq}) \).
- On the right side of the arrow are the products: \( \text{X(NO}_3\text{)_2 (\text{aq})} \) and \( \text{AgCl (s)} \).
- **Interactivity:**
- Users can increase or decrease the coefficients by clicking on the blue up and down arrows displayed above each compound.
- The specified coefficients currently are for \( \text{XCl}_2 \) and \( \text{AgNO}_3 \) being 2 each, and \( \text{X(NO}_3\text{)_2} \) and \( \text{AgCl} \) being 0 each, indicating that the products need to be balanced.
- **Progress Indicator:**
- Located on the bottom left, it shows that 12% of the module is completed, and also has instructional text prompting users to click 'done' when they think they have balanced the equation correctly.
This setup allows users to actively engage in balancing equations, reinforcing their understanding of the conservation of mass and the stoichiometric relationships in chemical reactions.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F6fa1815b-d0ab-4112-b113-fcc86b3f6839%2F3c770f11-3ce7-47c3-9766-f8dab31bfa3c%2F4akxa5l_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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