Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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![**Balancing Chemical Equations - Example Problem**
### Problem Statement:
Balance the following chemical equation:
\vspace{10pt}
\[ \text{H}_{2}\text{O}(\text{l}) + \text{HNO}_{3} (\text{aq}) + \text{CaCO}_{3} (\text{s}) \to \text{Ca(NO}_{3})_2 (\text{aq}) + \text{CO}_2 (\text{g}) + \text{H}_2\text{O} (\text{l}) \]
### Steps to Balance the Equation:
1. **Write down the number of atoms for each element** involved in the reaction for both reactants and products.
2. **Balance the atoms** one element at a time by adding coefficients in front of the compounds.
3. **Ensure that the total number of atoms** of each element is equal on both sides of the equation.
4. **Validate the balanced equation** to confirm all elements are balanced.
### Initial Counts:
- H: Reactants = 2 (from H₂O) + 1 (from HNO₃) = 3
- N: Reactants = 1 (from HNO₃)
- O: Reactants = 1 (from H₂O) + 3 (from HNO₃) + 3 (from CaCO₃) = 7
- Ca: Reactants = 1 (from CaCO₃)
- C: Reactants = 1 (from CaCO₃)
Products:
- H: Products = 2 (from H₂O)
- N: Products = 2 (from Ca(NO₃)₂)
- O: Products = 2 (from H₂O) + 6 (from Ca(NO₃)₂) + 2 (from CO₂) = 10
- Ca: Products = 1 (from Ca(NO₃)₂)
- C: Products = 1 (from CO₂)
### The balanced equation should be:
\[ \text{2HNO}_{3} (\text{aq}) + \text{CaCO}_{3} (\text{s}) \rightarrow \text{Ca(NO}_{3})_2 (\text{aq}) + \text{CO}_2 (\text{g}) + \text{H}_2\text{O} (\text{l](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F35780925-5e45-4c26-92de-ecbbabfbfb48%2F42fe2478-abc2-491d-b0ce-b72f3f05f31e%2Fwia9uq8_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Balancing Chemical Equations - Example Problem**
### Problem Statement:
Balance the following chemical equation:
\vspace{10pt}
\[ \text{H}_{2}\text{O}(\text{l}) + \text{HNO}_{3} (\text{aq}) + \text{CaCO}_{3} (\text{s}) \to \text{Ca(NO}_{3})_2 (\text{aq}) + \text{CO}_2 (\text{g}) + \text{H}_2\text{O} (\text{l}) \]
### Steps to Balance the Equation:
1. **Write down the number of atoms for each element** involved in the reaction for both reactants and products.
2. **Balance the atoms** one element at a time by adding coefficients in front of the compounds.
3. **Ensure that the total number of atoms** of each element is equal on both sides of the equation.
4. **Validate the balanced equation** to confirm all elements are balanced.
### Initial Counts:
- H: Reactants = 2 (from H₂O) + 1 (from HNO₃) = 3
- N: Reactants = 1 (from HNO₃)
- O: Reactants = 1 (from H₂O) + 3 (from HNO₃) + 3 (from CaCO₃) = 7
- Ca: Reactants = 1 (from CaCO₃)
- C: Reactants = 1 (from CaCO₃)
Products:
- H: Products = 2 (from H₂O)
- N: Products = 2 (from Ca(NO₃)₂)
- O: Products = 2 (from H₂O) + 6 (from Ca(NO₃)₂) + 2 (from CO₂) = 10
- Ca: Products = 1 (from Ca(NO₃)₂)
- C: Products = 1 (from CO₂)
### The balanced equation should be:
\[ \text{2HNO}_{3} (\text{aq}) + \text{CaCO}_{3} (\text{s}) \rightarrow \text{Ca(NO}_{3})_2 (\text{aq}) + \text{CO}_2 (\text{g}) + \text{H}_2\text{O} (\text{l
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