Balance sheets and income statements for 3M Company follow. 3M COMPANY Consolidated Statements of Income For Years ended December 31 ($ millions) Net sales Operating expenses Cost of sales Selling, general and administrative expenses Research, development and related expenses Gain on sale of businesses Total operating expenses Operating income Other expense, net* Income before income taxes Provision for income taxes Net income including noncontrolling interest Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to 3M *Interest expense, gross 2018 2017 $32,765 $31,657 16,682 16,055 7,602 6,626 1,821 1,870 (547) (586) 25,558 23,965 7,207 7,692 207 144 7,000 7,548 1,637 2,679 5,363 4,869 14 11 $4,858 $322 $5,349 $350
The Effect Of Prepaid Taxes On Assets And Liabilities
Many businesses estimate tax liability and make payments throughout the year (often quarterly). When a company overestimates its tax liability, this results in the business paying a prepaid tax. Prepaid taxes will be reversed within one year but can result in prepaid assets and liabilities.
Final Accounts
Financial accounting is one of the branches of accounting in which the transactions arising in the business over a particular period are recorded.
Ledger Posting
A ledger is an account that provides information on all the transactions that have taken place during a particular period. It is also known as General Ledger. For example, your bank account statement is a general ledger that gives information about the amount paid/debited or received/ credited from your bank account over some time.
Trial Balance and Final Accounts
In accounting we start with recording transaction with journal entries then we make separate ledger account for each type of transaction. It is very necessary to check and verify that the transaction transferred to ledgers from the journal are accurately recorded or not. Trial balance helps in this. Trial balance helps to check the accuracy of posting the ledger accounts. It helps the accountant to assist in preparing final accounts. It also helps the accountant to check whether all the debits and credits of items are recorded and posted accurately. Like in a balance sheet debit and credit side should be equal, similarly in trial balance debit balance and credit balance should tally.
Adjustment Entries
At the end of every accounting period Adjustment Entries are made in order to adjust the accounts precisely replicate the expenses and revenue of the current period. It is also known as end of period adjustment. It can also be referred as financial reporting that corrects the errors made previously in the accounting period. The basic characteristics of every adjustment entry is that it affects at least one real account and one nominal account.
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