Bacteria growing under anaerobic conditions can respire using alternate electron donors and acceptors. One species has an electron transport chains with the following overall reactions. H2 + fumarate succinate. HCO2 + fumarate + 2H+→ HCO3 + succinate + H2O. Reaction Eº' Fumarate + 2H+ + 2e- → succinate 0.031V 2H+ + 2e- H2 -0.42 V HCO3 + 2e- + 2H+→ HCO2 + H2O -0.43 V a) Calculate how many ATP can be produced per electron for these electron transport systems? b) Can ubiquinone serve as the electron carrier in this system? look at reduction potentials c) Use your favourite search mechanism to find an electron carrier used. Please provide the reference.

what kind of catalysis is the oxygen on Ser 195 participating in?

Lysozyme catalyzes a "bi-bi" reaction, which means there are (how many) reactants and (how many) products. List, in order, the reactants that bind and the products that are released during a lysozyme-catalyzed reaction cycle -- be succinct but be specific. 1. First reactant = 2. First product = 3. Second reactant = 4. Second product %3D

C16H34 + 16.28 O2 +1.42 NH3 → 1.65 C4.4H7.301.2No.86 + 8.74 CO2 + 13.11 H20 For a particular bacterial strain, the molecular formula was determined to be C4.4H7.301.2No.86. These bacterial cells are grown under aerobic conditions with hexadecane (C16H34) as substrate. I Assume that 60% of the hexadecane is used for producing cells (also called biomass) and the remaining 40% of the hexadecane is used for other cell functions. You have been put in charge of a small batch fermenter for growing the bacteria and aim to produce 10 kg of cells for inoculation of a pilot-scale reactor. a) Assuming this 60% conversion, what is the yield of cells from hexadecane in kg/kg? b) What minimum amount of hexadecane substrate (in kg) must be contained in your culture medium? Remember that only 60% of the hexadecane is converted to cells. c) What must be the minimum concentration of hexadecane (in kg/m³) in the medium if the fermenter working volume is 4.3 cubic meters? Remember that only 60% of the…

C16H34 + 16.28 O2 +1.42 NH3 → 1.65 C4.4H7.301.2No.86 + 8.74 CO2 + 13.11 H20 For a particular bacterial strain, the molecular formula was determined to be C4.4H7.301.2No.86. These bacterial cells are grown under aerobic conditions with hexadecane (C16H34) as substrate. Assume that 60% of the hexadecane is used for producing cells (also called biomass) and the remaining 40% of the hexadecane is used for other cell functions. You have been put in charge of a small batch fermenter for growing the bacteria and aim to produce 10 kg of cells for inoculation of a pilot-scale reactor. a) Assuming this 60% conversion, what is the yield of cells from hexadecane in kg/kg? Answer: 0.401

Which of the following is incorrect about the chymotrypsin mechanism? a. The (-) charge of oxygen in the transition state is stabilized by the oxyanion hole Ob. Asp does not act as a nucleophile Oc. After H₂O had a proton removed, the OH acts as a nucleophile Od. When His removes a proton from H₂O, it is acting as an acid

Which of the following statements are False?

When TSIA agar is inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium, the bacteria are growing in the butt of the tube and making ATP by cellular respiration. What type of cellular respiration is occurring and what final electron acceptor is being utilized?

To the right of each reaction, write the name or the structure of the coenzyme required for thefollowing enzymatic transformations

Match the following catalytic strategies with their example. Place a Letter on the picture. There are only two examples given. CH2OH CH2OH H. CH,OH CH2OH он он OH Kon + H2O OH HO OH OH OH HO но OH OH OH OH A. Oxidoreducatase OH OH B. Transferase C. Hydrolase D. Lyase NH3 E. Isomerase F. Ligase R-CH-COO + 00C-CH2-CH2-C-COO Amino acid a-Ketoglutarate NH3 + 00c-CH2-CH2–CH-C0 R-C-COO a-Keto acid Glutamate