Bacteria growing under anaerobic conditions can respire using alternate electron donors and acceptors. One species has an electron transport chains with the following overall reactions. H2 + fumarate succinate. HCO2 + fumarate + 2H+→ HCO3 + succinate + H2O. Reaction Eº' Fumarate + 2H+ + 2e- → succinate 0.031V 2H+ + 2e- H2 -0.42 V HCO3 + 2e- + 2H+→ HCO2 + H2O -0.43 V a) Calculate how many ATP can be produced per electron for these electron transport systems? b) Can ubiquinone serve as the electron carrier in this system? look at reduction potentials c) Use your favourite search mechanism to find an electron carrier used. Please provide the reference.

C16H34 + 16.28 O2 +1.42 NH3 → 1.65 C4.4H7.301.2No.86 + 8.74 CO2 + 13.11 H20 For a particular bacterial strain, the molecular formula was determined to be C4.4H7.301.2No.86. These bacterial cells are grown under aerobic conditions with hexadecane (C16H34) as substrate. I Assume that 60% of the hexadecane is used for producing cells (also called biomass) and the remaining 40% of the hexadecane is used for other cell functions. You have been put in charge of a small batch fermenter for growing the bacteria and aim to produce 10 kg of cells for inoculation of a pilot-scale reactor. a) Assuming this 60% conversion, what is the yield of cells from hexadecane in kg/kg? b) What minimum amount of hexadecane substrate (in kg) must be contained in your culture medium? Remember that only 60% of the hexadecane is converted to cells. c) What must be the minimum concentration of hexadecane (in kg/m³) in the medium if the fermenter working volume is 4.3 cubic meters? Remember that only 60% of the…

C16H34 + 16.28 O2 +1.42 NH3 → 1.65 C4.4H7.301.2No.86 + 8.74 CO2 + 13.11 H20 For a particular bacterial strain, the molecular formula was determined to be C4.4H7.301.2No.86. These bacterial cells are grown under aerobic conditions with hexadecane (C16H34) as substrate. Assume that 60% of the hexadecane is used for producing cells (also called biomass) and the remaining 40% of the hexadecane is used for other cell functions. You have been put in charge of a small batch fermenter for growing the bacteria and aim to produce 10 kg of cells for inoculation of a pilot-scale reactor. a) Assuming this 60% conversion, what is the yield of cells from hexadecane in kg/kg? Answer: 0.401

In the biosynthesis of heme, ring cyclization, isomerization, and decarboxylation reactions take place. Identify the potential intermediates and show the electron flow in the following diagram. HO,C R1 HO2C- -R2 NH HN- но- NH HN- HO2C R R2 unstable intermediate Uro'gen II HO2C Me Me NH HN- -CO2H HN NH Me Me HO2C CO2H Coproporphyrinogen II

L-lysine is being produced by Corynebacterium glutamicum in a bioreactor using glucose as thecarbon source, ammonia as the nitrogen source. The bacteria grow aerobically in a continuous process atsteady-state. All streams of this process are aqueous. In the inlet stream, 8 grams of glucose is included per100 grams of stream liquid, which flows at a rate of 500 kg/h. The flow rate of glucose in the outlet steamis 1 kg/h. The reaction occurs at 25 °C. What is the mole percentage of glucose that was consumed during cell growth inside thebioreactor?

Which of the following statements are False?

Choose the correct identity:

When TSIA agar is inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium, the bacteria are growing in the butt of the tube and making ATP by cellular respiration. What type of cellular respiration is occurring and what final electron acceptor is being utilized?

Match the following catalytic strategies with their example. Place a Letter on the picture. There are only two examples given. CH2OH CH2OH H. CH,OH CH2OH он он OH Kon + H2O OH HO OH OH OH HO но OH OH OH OH A. Oxidoreducatase OH OH B. Transferase C. Hydrolase D. Lyase NH3 E. Isomerase F. Ligase R-CH-COO + 00C-CH2-CH2-C-COO Amino acid a-Ketoglutarate NH3 + 00c-CH2-CH2–CH-C0 R-C-COO a-Keto acid Glutamate

A chemolithoautotroph is respiring using only iron (Fe3+) and nitrite (NO2-). This bacterium does not consume organic molecules. What is the electron acceptor for this system?