B. Labrador retrievers have 3 varieties of fur colour: yellow, chocolate or black. Two genes are involved, each with a dominant (Y and B) and a recessive allele (y and b). The allele Y codes for the ability to produce hair pigment: Yy and YY dogs have dark pigmented fur but all yx, individuals are lighter coloured and yellow. The B allele codes for the ability to make hair with the darkest colouration: BB and Bb individuals have black fur, bb dogs have a lighter shade which is chocolate. In the blank Punnet Square below, calculate and state the ratio of phenotypes that occur with a cross between two individuals with the genotype XyBb

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Inheritance and Mendelian Genetics

Inheritance means the passing of traits to offspring from parents. These traits could be passed either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. The offspring receives the genetic material from the parents. Mendelian inheritance is a certain biological inheritance that follows the rules and principles laid down by Gregor Mendel in 1865. The initial hypothesis was considered wrong, but other inheritance theories modified the concept of inheritance and thus genetics.