b. Assume a system that uses virtual memory with a single level page table and a translation lookaside buffer (TLB): i. Briefly explain the functionality of the TLB. ii. Assuming that the memory access time is 90ns, the time the operating system takes to search the TLB is 15ns, the TLB hit rate is 98%, the page fault rate is 20% and the time to fetch a page from the drive is 8ms. What is the average expected access time to main memory?
Q: the AMAT (in number of clock pulses)?
A: The AMAT (in number of clock pulses)
Q: Suppose a byte-addressable memory with 4 frames of size 32 bytes each and a paged virtual memory…
A: I will explain it in details,
Q: Problem: Suppose that a computer has a processor with two L1 caches, one for instructions and one…
A: Basics :- Consider a system with only one level of cache. In this case, the miss penalty…
Q: 3. Suppose that a 16M x 16 main memory is built using 512K x 8 RAM chips and that memory is word…
A: Th Answer is in given below steps
Q: Consider a system with 256Mbytes of main memory with page size of 4Kbytes. It has a logical address…
A: Answer: Given Main Memory 256Mbytes Page Size =4Kbytes and logical address=26 bits
Q: a. Describe exactly how, in general, a virtual address generated by the CPU is trans- lated into a…
A: Answer: a) A Virtual address generated by the CPU is translated into physical main memory address by…
Q: 6. Describe the two methods, write-invalidate and write update, for maintaining the cache coherence…
A: Solution:-- 1)Given in the question is to describe the two given methods which are…
Q: a simple paging system with 224 bytes of physical memory, 256 pages of logical address space, and a…
A: Given : Physical memory = 224 bytes Logical address space = 256 pages Page size = 210 bytes
Q: 2. Consider 2M x 8 SRAM memory block. (a) How many bits of data can be stored in this memory block?…
A: Disclaimer: “Since you have asked multipart questions, As per our company policy,we will only solve…
Q: a) A paging system with 512 pages of logical address space, a page size of 2³ and number of frames…
A: Here in this question we have given Page size = 256 No of frame = 1024 Page in logical address=…
Q: puter system with a 16-bit logical address and 2-KB page size. The system supports up to 1MB of…
A: Consider a computer system with a 16-bit logical address and 2-KB page size. The system supports up…
Q: Assume we have 1 GB of physical memory. Inverted page table is used. Page size is 16 KB. Each entry…
A: In the inverted page table, indexing is done with respect to the frame number instead of the logical…
Q: 5. Suppose that a machine has 38-bit virtual addresses and 32-bit physical addresses. a) What is the…
A: A virtual address space or address space is the set of ranges of virtual addresses that an operating…
Q: Suppose that a 2M x 16 main memory is built using 256K x 8 RAM chips and that memory is word…
A:
Q: a) A paging system with 512 pages of logical address space, a page size of 28 and number of frames…
A: Here in this question we have given Page size = 256 No of frame = 1024 Page in logical address=…
Q: 9. Consider a system that uses 32-bit addresses and page table structures as discussed in class. If…
A: 32 bits= 2^5 256 pages= 2^8
Q: Consider a system with 256Mbytes of main memory with page ize of 4Kbytes. It has a logical address…
A: Here in this question we have given main memory size= 256MB. Page size = 4KB Logical address space=…
Q: (a) Explain the use of TLBs to improve paging efficiency. (b) Consider a paging system with the…
A: A). To overcome this problem a high-speed cache is set up for page table entries called a…
Q: Assume a 32-bit virtual address and 4 MBs of memory (i.e., DRAM). If the page size is 1 KB, then…
A: Assume a 32-bit virtual address and 4 MBs of memory (i.e., DRAM). If the page size is 1 KB, then…
Q: The UNIX I-node contains 8-direct disk block addresses, a single indirect and a double indirect…
A: The Answer is
Q: CA_10 Let the virtual address be V bits and the virtual addtess space be byte-addressable, the page…
A: Note: Answering the first three subparts as per the guidelines. Given : Virtual address bits = V…
Q: (b) Consider a paging system with the page table stored in memory. If a memory reference takes 200…
A: Ans:- a) If memory access takes 200 nanoseconds, how long does a paged memory reference take?200…
Q: What is the primary advantage of using a two-level page table (instead of a one-level page table) in…
A: Two level paging means applying paging to page table. The 1st level page table includes information…
Q: You have a byte-addressable virtual memory system with a two-entry TLB, a 2-way set-associative…
A: Given: It is a 2-way set associative cachePage table Process, PSize of the cache block = 8 words…
Q: A computer has a cache, main memory, and a disk used for virtual Memory • An access to the cache…
A: Cache hit ratio =0.9 So cache miss ratio = 0.1 Main memory hit ratio = 0.8 So main memory miss ratio…
Q: 4. Assume that it takes 100 ns to access memory and when a page number is in TLB, to access a…
A: Answer : Effective memory access time = h (t + m) + (1-h) (t+m+m) h = hit ratio = 95 / 100 t =…
Q: Il- Consider a virtual memory system with the following properties: • 42-bit virtual byte address •…
A:
Q: The PowerPC uses a hardware managed TLB with an inverted page table. Discuss its advantages and…
A: Given: The PowerPC uses a hardware managed TLB with an inverted page table. Discuss its advantages…
Q: 1) What is the difference between the status and control flags? What are the status flags for the…
A: As per our policy, "Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for…
Q: You are given the following data about a virtual memory system: (a)The TLB can hold 1024 entries and…
A: consider the memory access time =1 clock cycle or 1 ns. we can write effective address translation…
Q: assume we have 1 GB of physical memory. Inverted page table is used. Page size is 16 KB. Each entry…
A: Given, Physical Memory Size = 1 GB = 1.230 B…
Q: A system with 64GB memory with a block size of 4 words, and a 256KB direct map cache. The word size…
A: Given: Memory =64 GB that means total bits = log2(64GB)=log2(236)=36 Cache size = 256 KB Block Size=…
Q: Question 6 When only paging is implemented for memory management, why do we end up with a two-sta…
A: Paging:- Paging is the memory management schema in which the pages of the process are allocated in…
Q: Let's assume a system has 64 bytes of physical memory, 4 byte pages, and 16-byte virtual address…
A: The information given are : Physical memory size = 64 bytes Size of page = 4 bytes Size of virtual…
Q: 6) Assume virtual memory management with demand paging: the following program is loaded and stays in…
A: 6) Part One: Page size =100 words Data Array A[i][j] size is 100*100 words = 10000 words Since…
Q: Our system is using virtual memory and has 48-bit virtual address space and 32-bit physical address…
A: A. Page size = 8KiB So page offset bits = 13 bits Total # of page table entries required = total…
Q: Consider a system with 256Mbytes of main memory with page size of 4Kbytes. It has a logical address…
A: Below is the answer to above questions.
Q: Let the virtual address be V bits and the virtual addtess space be byte-addressable, the page size…
A: D) Total number of virtual memory bits to be translated is V bits.
Q: Assume a 32-bit address system that uses a paged virtual memory, with a page size of 2 KB, and a PTE…
A: Data given in the question, 32-bit address system page size of 2 KB PTE (Page Table Entry) size of 1…
Q: The following paging system has 64KB main memory, which is divided into 16 frames (frame numbers are…
A:
Q: Suppose that a computer has a processor with two L1 caches, one for instructions and one for data,…
A: Basics:- Consider a system with only one level of cache. In this case, the miss penalty consists…
Q: Consider a computer system with a 32-bit logical address and 4-KB page size. The system supports up…
A: A) Number of entries in conventional single level page table = number of pages in virtual address =…
Q: Question 3 A computer has 32-bit virtual addresses and the page size is 2^9 KB. Suppose the text,…
A: Total # of pages required by the program = 9+9+9 = 27 pages. These means there will be 27 entries in…
Q: Consider a computer system with a 64-bit logical address and 32-KB page size. The system supports up…
A: 2) Consider a computer system with a 64-bit logical address space and 2-KiB page size. The system…
Q: In the following three questions, assume a 32-bit virtual address space and page size equal to 4096…
A: Given: Virtual address space = 32 bit page size = 4096 bytes To find: Number of page table entry
Q: You are given the following data about a virtual memory system: (a) The TLB can hold 512 entries and…
A: The chance of a hit is 0.99 for the TLB and the access time for TLB is 1 nsec. So, the term will be…
Q: 2. Assume we have 1 GB of physical memory. Inverted page table is used. Page size is 16 KB. Each…
A: Inverted Page Table: For each process, an operating system creates a page table. In cases where a…
question 3b
![b. Assume a system that uses virtual memory with a single level page table and a translation
lookaside buffer (TLB):
i. Briefly explain the functionality of the TLB.
ii. Assuming that the memory access time is 90ns, the time the operating system takes
to search the TLB is 15ns, the TLB hit rate is 98%, the page fault rate is 20% and the
time to fetch a page from the drive is 8ms. What is the average expected access time
to main memory?](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F82e566f4-15ae-42f0-883c-bb3f14b68107%2F7dd384d9-79d5-49e2-acbf-873dbae628c7%2Fx0ckrf8_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
![](/static/compass_v2/shared-icons/check-mark.png)
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
![Blurred answer](/static/compass_v2/solution-images/blurred-answer.jpg)
- Read-only memory (usually known by its acronym, ROM) is a class of storage media used in computers and other electronic devices that is non-volatile (non-changeable). Because data stored in ROM cannot be modified (at least not very quickly or easily), it is mainly used to distribute firmware (software that is very closely tied to specific hardware, and unlikely to require frequent updates). Figure 3.1 depicts a ROM block diagram which have k-bit address and an n-bit data. The contents of a ROM chip are defined once. Hence, we can use a constant array to model a ROM in VHDL. Basically, to name the size of a ROM is by stating ROM k x n, which represents ROM with k-bit address andn-bit data size. For example, ROM 4x8 (16 address location with each location containing 8-bit data). Question. Develop a code to allow the ROM operation works in synchronous when a read enable is asserted.• Generate and simulate the VHDL codes in Altera Quartus II.• Demonstrate and obtain the instructor…In a main memory-disk virtual storage system, the page size is 1KByte and the FIFO algorithm is used for page replacements. A given program has been allocated three page frames in the main memory and it makes the following 16 memory references when it starts executing (the addresses are given in decimal):500, 2000, 2500, 800, 4000, 1000, 5500, 1500, 2800, 400, 5000, 700, 2100, 3500, 900, 2400 Fill in the contents of the three page frames after each memory reference in a table and calculate the hit ratio. Hint: denote by 'a' the page consisting of locations 0 through 1023 in memory. Similarly, b: 1024-2047, c: 2048-3071, d: 3072-4095, e: 4096-5119 and f: 5120-6143. Round to three decimal places.Suppose a computer using direct mapped cache has 224 bytes of byte- addressable main memory and a cache size of 64K bytes, and each cache block contains 32 bytes. (Note: 64K = 26 * 210) a) How many blocks of main memory are there? b) What is the format of a memory address as seen by cache, i.e., what are the sizes of the tag, block, and offset fields?
- Consider a hypothetical system that uses Direct Memory mode access(DMA) mode to transfer the data from the hard disk to the main memory. If the size of the DMA controller's data count register is 32 bits. A file of 1024 GB needs to transfer from disk to memory. What is the minimum number of times the DMA controller needs to get the control of the system bus if the system is byte-addressable?A disk has a capacity of two tera-byte size. Say the file system uses a multi-level inode structure for locating the data blocks of afile.The inode stores pointers to data blocks, including a single indirect block, a double indirect block, and several direct blocks in the 64 B of available space.Now, it is given that the disk has a block size of 512 B. The maximum file size that can be stored in such a file system in MB (round off upto 2 decimal places).Computer Science This question is about paging-based virtual memory A computer has a virtual-momory space of 250MB (megabytes) The computer has 325) of primary memory. The pige som s-4000 by the address is 1011 0001 0101 1110 0010 1010 0010 a. How many frames can it have? b. Which of the bits in the virtual address correspond to the Page number? c. Which of the bits correspond to the page offset?
- In a main memory-disk virtual storage system, the page size is 1KByte and the OPTIMAL algorithm is used for page replacements. A given program has been allocated three page frames in the main memory and it makes the following 16 memory references when it starts executing (the addresses are given in decimal):500, 2000, 2500, 800, 4000, 1000, 5500, 1500, 2800, 400, 5000, 700, 2100, 3500, 900, 2400 Fill in the contents of the three page frames after each memory reference in a table and calculate the hit ratio. Hint: denote by 'a' the page consisting of locations 0 through 1023 in memory. Similarly, b: 1024-2047, c: 2048-3071, d: 3072-4095, e: 4096-5119 and f: 5120-6143. Round to three decimal places.Consider a computer system that has the following characteristics: The memory bus runs at 400 MHz. The memory bus is 8 bytes wide. Accessing a memory address in memory requires 8 memory bus cycles. The disk drives can each read a block every 4 milliseconds. Disk blocks read are 8 kilobytes each. Assume Direct Memory Access from the disk drive. What is the highest percentage of the memory bus capacity that could be consumed by the disk’s Direct Memory Access if there are 4 disk drives in use?Consider a memory system that generates 16-bits addresses and the frame size is 32-byte. At time To the status of the page table is given below. Page Table Entry Page # 1911 11 561 56 644 1068 1884 52 58 42 194 46 a) What is the maximum number of entries within a single page/frame? b) What is the maximum number of page table entries in the memory system? c) Using the given page table, determine the physical addresses for the following logical addresses. Write down the physical addresses in binary and decimal format. (i) (iii) 0101000010001011 1110101110010111 (ii) (iv) 0001100001100111 1110111011101001
- On a simple paging system with 224 bytes of physical memory, 256 pages of logical address space, and a page size of 210 bytes. 1. How many bits are needed to store an entry in the page table (how wide is the page table)? Assume a valid/invalid 1-bit is included in each entry. 2. If the page table is stored in the main memory with 250nsec access time, how long does a paged memory reference take? 3. If the page table is implemented using associative registers that takes 95nsec. and main memory that takes 200nsec, what is the total access time if 75% of all memory references find their entries in the associative registers?4. Given that the main memory size is 32KB, the page size is 64B, the word size is 1B, and n-level paging is applied. What is the page number size? If (5, 10) is a record in the outer page table stored in PCB and (9, 7) is a record in the inter page table stored in page frame No.10, what is the physical address of the logical address 0010101001000110 in HEX?Consider a disk drive specifications. with the following 16 surfaces, 512 tracks/surface, 512 sectors/ track, 1 KB/sector, rotation speed 3000 rpm. The disk is operated in cycle stealing mode whereby whenever one byte word is ready it is sent to memory; similarly, for writing, the disk interface reads a 4 byte word from the memory in each DMA cycle. Memory cycle time is 40 nsec. The maximum percentage of time that the CPU gets blocked during DMA operation?
![Systems Architecture](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305080195/9781305080195_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Systems Architecture](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305080195/9781305080195_smallCoverImage.gif)