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b. 2-butanone c. ether d. extraction with 5% aqueous NaOH e magnesium suflate

b. 2-butanone c. ether d. extraction with 5% aqueous NaOH e magnesium suflate

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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**Transcription of Educational Content:** --- **Question 1: In the experiment, what is the purpose of:** a. Potassium carbonate b. 2-butanone c. Ether d. Extraction with 5% aqueous NaOH e. Magnesium sulfate --- The document lists a series of chemical substances and processes used in an experiment, asking for the purpose of each. There are no graphs or diagrams present in the image.
Transcribed Image Text:**Transcription of Educational Content:** --- **Question 1: In the experiment, what is the purpose of:** a. Potassium carbonate b. 2-butanone c. Ether d. Extraction with 5% aqueous NaOH e. Magnesium sulfate --- The document lists a series of chemical substances and processes used in an experiment, asking for the purpose of each. There are no graphs or diagrams present in the image.
**Preparation of Phenacetin From Acetaminophen** **Introduction** Phenacetin was one of the first synthetic analgesics, introduced in 1887 by Bayer. While it remained on the market for almost 100 years, it was later found to be carcinogenic, and have kidney damaging properties. Its prolonged use was thought to be responsible for the death of Howard Hughes, one of the most financially successful individuals of his time. While we would not want to take the drug today, the preparation of phenacetin from acetaminophen illustrates a Williamson ether synthesis, one of the most common methods employed to prepare ethers. In this reaction, an alkoxide anion acts as a nucleophile in an SN2 process, displacing a leaving group from an electrophile. The diagram includes two chemical reaction arrows, showing the structural transformation from acetaminophen to phenacetin: 1. The first chemical structure shows acetaminophen. 2. The second shows phenacetin, with the reaction involving ethyl iodide and potassium carbonate as reagents. An acetaminophen is a phenol, it is sufficiently acidic enough to be deprotonated by potassium carbonate. The resulting phenoxide anion serves as the nucleophile in the displacement of iodine from iodoethane. **Procedure** In a 50 mL round bottom flask, combine 8.6 mmol acetaminophen, 2.5 g potassium carbonate, and 15 mL 2-butanone. Add 1.0 mL iodoethane and apply gentle reflux. Attach an air condenser to the flask and place the reaction in a warm sand bath. Heat the solution to a temperature near reflux. Slide the solid in the filter paper with 2 × 5 mL ether. Extract the filtrate in an Erlenmeyer with 10 mL water, separate the organic extract, dry over MgSO₄. Transfer solution to another Erlenmeyer flask and dry with magnesium sulfate and decantate the dried solution. Recrystallize the crude product from a minimum amount of solvent. Collect the crystals. Note: The structures illustrate the chemical reaction with molecular diagrams, depicting both the starting materials and the product.
Transcribed Image Text:**Preparation of Phenacetin From Acetaminophen** **Introduction** Phenacetin was one of the first synthetic analgesics, introduced in 1887 by Bayer. While it remained on the market for almost 100 years, it was later found to be carcinogenic, and have kidney damaging properties. Its prolonged use was thought to be responsible for the death of Howard Hughes, one of the most financially successful individuals of his time. While we would not want to take the drug today, the preparation of phenacetin from acetaminophen illustrates a Williamson ether synthesis, one of the most common methods employed to prepare ethers. In this reaction, an alkoxide anion acts as a nucleophile in an SN2 process, displacing a leaving group from an electrophile. The diagram includes two chemical reaction arrows, showing the structural transformation from acetaminophen to phenacetin: 1. The first chemical structure shows acetaminophen. 2. The second shows phenacetin, with the reaction involving ethyl iodide and potassium carbonate as reagents. An acetaminophen is a phenol, it is sufficiently acidic enough to be deprotonated by potassium carbonate. The resulting phenoxide anion serves as the nucleophile in the displacement of iodine from iodoethane. **Procedure** In a 50 mL round bottom flask, combine 8.6 mmol acetaminophen, 2.5 g potassium carbonate, and 15 mL 2-butanone. Add 1.0 mL iodoethane and apply gentle reflux. Attach an air condenser to the flask and place the reaction in a warm sand bath. Heat the solution to a temperature near reflux. Slide the solid in the filter paper with 2 × 5 mL ether. Extract the filtrate in an Erlenmeyer with 10 mL water, separate the organic extract, dry over MgSO₄. Transfer solution to another Erlenmeyer flask and dry with magnesium sulfate and decantate the dried solution. Recrystallize the crude product from a minimum amount of solvent. Collect the crystals. Note: The structures illustrate the chemical reaction with molecular diagrams, depicting both the starting materials and the product.
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