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- Glutathione is an important intracellular thiol. List fivefunctions of glutathione in the bodyDescribe the differences between lecithin and cephalin. Draw the structure of a glycerophospholipid containing two molecules of stearic acid and ethanolamine.List two classes of compounds derived from arachidonic acid. Suggest some reasons for the amount of biomedical research devoted to these compounds.
- a) Draw an alpha 16 linkage between N-acetylglucosamine (phosphorylated at carbon number 6) and a-glucose-1-phosphate. b) Will this disaccharide contribute to the formation of a precipitate in a solution of alkaline copper? Very briefly explain your answer. (Under severe starvation conditions, affected individuals develop “acetone breath.” Explain.A glycolytic intermediate may be used to make the glycerol 3-phosphate necessary for the production of glycerophospholipids. For this conversion, provide a reaction sequence.
- Are fatty acid propyl esters (biodiesel) formed in the acid-catalysed esterification/transesterification reaction on waste oil more or less polar than glycerol? Briefly explain.Name the following fatty acids by the symbol (C:B)Under severe starvation conditions, people develop “acetonebreath.” Explain.
- (b) Biotin is a coenzyme required for a key step in gluconeogenesis. (i) To which enzyme is biotin linked and what is the nature of the bond? (ii) What properties do the biotin and the linkage have that enable biotin to interact with two distinct active sites in this enzyme? (iii) What chemical steps take place at each of these active sites (no need to specify the complete reactions)?Which of the following is a true statement regarding sphingolipid synthesis? (A) The first step in sphingolipid synthesis is the condensation of palmitoyl CoA with aspartate to form b-ketosphinganine.(B) This process requires the reduction of a ketone that uses NADH as the reducing agent.(C) A fatty acid is attached to dihydrosphingosine to form dihydroceramide. (D) FAD is using as an oxidizing agent to remove a double bond from dihydroceramide.(E) The formation of sphingomyelin requires the attachment of a glucose or galactose molecule to ceramide.What is the structural difference between glucose and (a) β-D-glucuronate,(b) β-D-glucosamine, (c) N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine?