(b) The ac voltmeter specification described below is used to measure the voltage across the 50k resistor R3 in the circuit shown in Figure Q4(b). What is the minimum voltage reading that should be observed by AC Voltmeter? The ac voltmeter specification has: • Full-wave rectification • 100µA meter movement • 120V range • Limiting error of ± 5% at full scale 10k ww R1 V = 120Vrms Figure Q4(b) R₂ 2 R3 w um 15k 50k

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HVDC

HVDC stands for high voltage direct current in the electric power transmission system. The high voltage direct current system uses direct current (DC) for the transmission of electrical power through transmission lines in contrast with the alternating current that is the AC system. The HVDC is used to transmit bulk power point-to-point through long distances transmission lines. Power is rapidly transferred because the efficiency of transmission lines is greatly increased over long distances due to HVDC lines.