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B Oxidative phosphorylation

B Oxidative phosphorylation

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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The image appears to be a part of an online educational quiz or test related to biology. The question pertains to the mechanism of phosphorylation, and the students are required to choose the correct option. --- #### Question: **In general, the mechanism of phosphorylation is most similar to:** #### Answer Choices: - **A. Substrate-level phosphorylation** - **B. Oxidative phosphorylation** - **C. Calvin cycle** - **D. Citric acid cycle** - **E. Reduction of NAD+** --- ### Explanation: Phosphorylation is a critical biochemical process involving the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule. It plays a key role in cellular processes, particularly in the synthesis of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the major energy currency of the cell. 1. **Substrate-level Phosphorylation:** This is a type of phosphorylation in which a phosphate group is directly transferred from a substrate to ADP, forming ATP. It occurs during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. 2. **Oxidative Phosphorylation:** In this process, ATP is formed as electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to O2 by a series of electron carriers. This occurs in the mitochondria during cellular respiration and involves the electron transport chain. 3. **Calvin Cycle:** A set of light-independent reactions in photosynthesis that take place in the chloroplasts. It does not directly involve phosphorylation in the same context as ATP synthesis. 4. **Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle):** A central metabolic pathway that completes the oxidative degradation of glucose. Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs here, but the process overall is more complex. 5. **Reduction of NAD+:** This refers to the conversion of NAD+ to NADH. While it’s associated with energy metabolism, it doesn't directly explain the phosphorylation mechanisms involved in ATP synthesis. --- In conclusion, the mechanism of phosphorylation is most similar to **Oxidative phosphorylation (Option B)**.
Transcribed Image Text:The image appears to be a part of an online educational quiz or test related to biology. The question pertains to the mechanism of phosphorylation, and the students are required to choose the correct option. --- #### Question: **In general, the mechanism of phosphorylation is most similar to:** #### Answer Choices: - **A. Substrate-level phosphorylation** - **B. Oxidative phosphorylation** - **C. Calvin cycle** - **D. Citric acid cycle** - **E. Reduction of NAD+** --- ### Explanation: Phosphorylation is a critical biochemical process involving the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule. It plays a key role in cellular processes, particularly in the synthesis of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the major energy currency of the cell. 1. **Substrate-level Phosphorylation:** This is a type of phosphorylation in which a phosphate group is directly transferred from a substrate to ADP, forming ATP. It occurs during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. 2. **Oxidative Phosphorylation:** In this process, ATP is formed as electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to O2 by a series of electron carriers. This occurs in the mitochondria during cellular respiration and involves the electron transport chain. 3. **Calvin Cycle:** A set of light-independent reactions in photosynthesis that take place in the chloroplasts. It does not directly involve phosphorylation in the same context as ATP synthesis. 4. **Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle):** A central metabolic pathway that completes the oxidative degradation of glucose. Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs here, but the process overall is more complex. 5. **Reduction of NAD+:** This refers to the conversion of NAD+ to NADH. While it’s associated with energy metabolism, it doesn't directly explain the phosphorylation mechanisms involved in ATP synthesis. --- In conclusion, the mechanism of phosphorylation is most similar to **Oxidative phosphorylation (Option B)**.
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