(b) Let A be an n × n matrix. Show that for any positive integer t we have t-1 (I – A) A* = I – A° k=0
(b) Let A be an n × n matrix. Show that for any positive integer t we have t-1 (I – A) A* = I – A° k=0
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ
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Need help with part b). Thank you :)
![For m x n matrices A and B, we write A > B if (A);j > (B)ij for all 1 < i< m and 1 <j<n. Analogous definitions apply
to A < B, A > B and A < B. For a sequence of m x n matrices, we write lim→∞ Bt = B if lim-(Bt)ij = (B)ij for all
1<i<m and 1 <j< n.
3.
(a) Let A > O be an n x n matrix. Prove by induction that At > O for all t e N.
(b) Let A be an n x n matrix. Show that for any positive integer t we have
t-1
(I – A) A* = I – A'
-
k=0
(c) Let A be an n x n matrix. Show that if (I – A) is invertible and limt At = O then
(I – A)-1 = A*
k=0
where, by definition, , Ak is shorthand for limt→0∞ E-0 Ak.
k=0
k=0
(d) Let A e (0,1), let r e R" be given by ri = 1 for all1 < i< n, and let A be an n x n matrix. Prove by induction that if
Ar < Ar then Aťr < \*r for all t e N.
(e) Let A > 0 be an n x n matrix, and suppose the row sums of A are all less than or equal to A E (0, 1). Show that
lim At = O. (Hint: Remind yourself what the sandwich theorem from calculus says.)
(f) Let C > O be the consumption matrix of an open economy with n industries, and suppose the row sums of C are all strictly
less than 1. If the corresponding Leontief matrix is invertible, is C productive? Explain your answer.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F6fe1fc35-672a-49fd-831b-9642c77888ed%2F89c5be7e-c2ac-46d8-96b7-fcfc7af50df6%2F0trefyk_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:For m x n matrices A and B, we write A > B if (A);j > (B)ij for all 1 < i< m and 1 <j<n. Analogous definitions apply
to A < B, A > B and A < B. For a sequence of m x n matrices, we write lim→∞ Bt = B if lim-(Bt)ij = (B)ij for all
1<i<m and 1 <j< n.
3.
(a) Let A > O be an n x n matrix. Prove by induction that At > O for all t e N.
(b) Let A be an n x n matrix. Show that for any positive integer t we have
t-1
(I – A) A* = I – A'
-
k=0
(c) Let A be an n x n matrix. Show that if (I – A) is invertible and limt At = O then
(I – A)-1 = A*
k=0
where, by definition, , Ak is shorthand for limt→0∞ E-0 Ak.
k=0
k=0
(d) Let A e (0,1), let r e R" be given by ri = 1 for all1 < i< n, and let A be an n x n matrix. Prove by induction that if
Ar < Ar then Aťr < \*r for all t e N.
(e) Let A > 0 be an n x n matrix, and suppose the row sums of A are all less than or equal to A E (0, 1). Show that
lim At = O. (Hint: Remind yourself what the sandwich theorem from calculus says.)
(f) Let C > O be the consumption matrix of an open economy with n industries, and suppose the row sums of C are all strictly
less than 1. If the corresponding Leontief matrix is invertible, is C productive? Explain your answer.
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