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(b) Derive an expression for the concentrati1ón of B under steady-state conditions; that is, when B is decomposing to C at the same rate as it is formed from A. .115 Ethanol is a toxic substance that, when consumed in excess, can impair respiratory and cardiac functions by interference with the neurotransmitters of the ner- vous system. In the human body, ethanol is metabo- lized by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which causes "hangovers." (a) Based on your knowledge of enzyme kinetics, explain why binge drinking (that is, consuming too much alcohol too fast) can prove fatal. (b) Methanol is even more toxic than ethanol. It is also metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase, and the product, formaldehyde, can cause blindness or death. An antidote to methanol poi- soning is ethanol. Explain how this procedure works. 13.116 Strontium-90, a radioactive isotope, is a major prod- uct of an atomic bomb explosion. It has a half-life of 28.1 yr. (a) Calculate the first-order rate constant for the nuclear decay. (b) Calculate the fraction of 90Sr that remains after 10 half-lives. (c) Calculate the number of years required for 99.0 percent of 9Sr to disappear. 13.117 Consider the potential energy profiles for the fol- lowing three reactions (from left to right). (1) Rank the rates (slowest to fastest) of the reactions. (2) Calculate AH for each reaction and determine which reaction(s) are exothermic and which Potential energy 612 Chapter 13 Chemical Kinetics 177 reaction(s are endothermic. Assume the reactions have roughly the same frequency factors. 30KJ/mol 20 kJ/mol 40 kJ/mol 50 kJ/mol -40 kJ/mol -20 kJ/mol Reaction progress Reaction progress Reaction progress (a) (b) (c)

(b) Derive an expression for the concentrati1ón of B under steady-state conditions; that is, when B is decomposing to C at the same rate as it is formed from A. .115 Ethanol is a toxic substance that, when consumed in excess, can impair respiratory and cardiac functions by interference with the neurotransmitters of the ner- vous system. In the human body, ethanol is metabo- lized by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which causes "hangovers." (a) Based on your knowledge of enzyme kinetics, explain why binge drinking (that is, consuming too much alcohol too fast) can prove fatal. (b) Methanol is even more toxic than ethanol. It is also metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase, and the product, formaldehyde, can cause blindness or death. An antidote to methanol poi- soning is ethanol. Explain how this procedure works. 13.116 Strontium-90, a radioactive isotope, is a major prod- uct of an atomic bomb explosion. It has a half-life of 28.1 yr. (a) Calculate the first-order rate constant for the nuclear decay. (b) Calculate the fraction of 90Sr that remains after 10 half-lives. (c) Calculate the number of years required for 99.0 percent of 9Sr to disappear. 13.117 Consider the potential energy profiles for the fol- lowing three reactions (from left to right). (1) Rank the rates (slowest to fastest) of the reactions. (2) Calculate AH for each reaction and determine which reaction(s) are exothermic and which Potential energy 612 Chapter 13 Chemical Kinetics 177 reaction(s are endothermic. Assume the reactions have roughly the same frequency factors. 30KJ/mol 20 kJ/mol 40 kJ/mol 50 kJ/mol -40 kJ/mol -20 kJ/mol Reaction progress Reaction progress Reaction progress (a) (b) (c)

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Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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(b) Derive an expression for the concentrati1ón of B under steady-state conditions; that is, when B is decomposing to C at the same rate as it is formed from A. .115 Ethanol is a toxic substance that, when consumed in excess, can impair respiratory and cardiac functions by interference with the neurotransmitters of the ner- vous system. In the human body, ethanol is metabo- lized by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which causes "hangovers." (a) Based on your knowledge of enzyme kinetics, explain why binge drinking (that is, consuming too much alcohol too fast) can prove fatal. (b) Methanol is even more toxic than ethanol. It is also metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase, and the product, formaldehyde, can cause blindness or death. An antidote to methanol poi- soning is ethanol. Explain how this procedure works. 13.116 Strontium-90, a radioactive isotope, is a major prod- uct of an atomic bomb explosion. It has a half-life of 28.1 yr. (a) Calculate the first-order rate constant for the nuclear decay. (b) Calculate the fraction of 90Sr that remains after 10 half-lives. (c) Calculate the number of years required for 99.0 percent of 9Sr to disappear. 13.117 Consider the potential energy profiles for the fol- lowing three reactions (from left to right). (1) Rank the rates (slowest to fastest) of the reactions. (2) Calculate AH for each reaction and determine which reaction(s) are exothermic and which
Transcribed Image Text:(b) Derive an expression for the concentrati1ón of B under steady-state conditions; that is, when B is decomposing to C at the same rate as it is formed from A. .115 Ethanol is a toxic substance that, when consumed in excess, can impair respiratory and cardiac functions by interference with the neurotransmitters of the ner- vous system. In the human body, ethanol is metabo- lized by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which causes "hangovers." (a) Based on your knowledge of enzyme kinetics, explain why binge drinking (that is, consuming too much alcohol too fast) can prove fatal. (b) Methanol is even more toxic than ethanol. It is also metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase, and the product, formaldehyde, can cause blindness or death. An antidote to methanol poi- soning is ethanol. Explain how this procedure works. 13.116 Strontium-90, a radioactive isotope, is a major prod- uct of an atomic bomb explosion. It has a half-life of 28.1 yr. (a) Calculate the first-order rate constant for the nuclear decay. (b) Calculate the fraction of 90Sr that remains after 10 half-lives. (c) Calculate the number of years required for 99.0 percent of 9Sr to disappear. 13.117 Consider the potential energy profiles for the fol- lowing three reactions (from left to right). (1) Rank the rates (slowest to fastest) of the reactions. (2) Calculate AH for each reaction and determine which reaction(s) are exothermic and which
Potential energy 612 Chapter 13 Chemical Kinetics 177 reaction(s are endothermic. Assume the reactions have roughly the same frequency factors. 30KJ/mol 20 kJ/mol 40 kJ/mol 50 kJ/mol -40 kJ/mol -20 kJ/mol Reaction progress Reaction progress Reaction progress (a) (b) (c)
Transcribed Image Text:Potential energy 612 Chapter 13 Chemical Kinetics 177 reaction(s are endothermic. Assume the reactions have roughly the same frequency factors. 30KJ/mol 20 kJ/mol 40 kJ/mol 50 kJ/mol -40 kJ/mol -20 kJ/mol Reaction progress Reaction progress Reaction progress (a) (b) (c)
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