(b) Derive an expression for the concentrati1ón of B under steady-state conditions; that is, when B is decomposing to C at the same rate as it is formed from A. .115 Ethanol is a toxic substance that, when consumed in excess, can impair respiratory and cardiac functions by interference with the neurotransmitters of the ner- vous system. In the human body, ethanol is metabo- lized by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which causes "hangovers." (a) Based on your knowledge of enzyme kinetics, explain why binge drinking (that is, consuming too much alcohol too fast) can prove fatal. (b) Methanol is even more toxic than ethanol. It is also metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase, and the product, formaldehyde, can cause blindness or death. An antidote to methanol poi- soning is ethanol. Explain how this procedure works. 13.116 Strontium-90, a radioactive isotope, is a major prod- uct of an atomic bomb explosion. It has a half-life of 28.1 yr. (a) Calculate the first-order rate constant for the nuclear decay. (b) Calculate the fraction of 90Sr that remains after 10 half-lives. (c) Calculate the number of years required for 99.0 percent of 9Sr to disappear. 13.117 Consider the potential energy profiles for the fol- lowing three reactions (from left to right). (1) Rank the rates (slowest to fastest) of the reactions. (2) Calculate AH for each reaction and determine which reaction(s) are exothermic and which Potential energy 612 Chapter 13 Chemical Kinetics 177 reaction(s are endothermic. Assume the reactions have roughly the same frequency factors. 30KJ/mol 20 kJ/mol 40 kJ/mol 50 kJ/mol -40 kJ/mol -20 kJ/mol Reaction progress Reaction progress Reaction progress (a) (b) (c)
(b) Derive an expression for the concentrati1ón of B under steady-state conditions; that is, when B is decomposing to C at the same rate as it is formed from A. .115 Ethanol is a toxic substance that, when consumed in excess, can impair respiratory and cardiac functions by interference with the neurotransmitters of the ner- vous system. In the human body, ethanol is metabo- lized by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which causes "hangovers." (a) Based on your knowledge of enzyme kinetics, explain why binge drinking (that is, consuming too much alcohol too fast) can prove fatal. (b) Methanol is even more toxic than ethanol. It is also metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase, and the product, formaldehyde, can cause blindness or death. An antidote to methanol poi- soning is ethanol. Explain how this procedure works. 13.116 Strontium-90, a radioactive isotope, is a major prod- uct of an atomic bomb explosion. It has a half-life of 28.1 yr. (a) Calculate the first-order rate constant for the nuclear decay. (b) Calculate the fraction of 90Sr that remains after 10 half-lives. (c) Calculate the number of years required for 99.0 percent of 9Sr to disappear. 13.117 Consider the potential energy profiles for the fol- lowing three reactions (from left to right). (1) Rank the rates (slowest to fastest) of the reactions. (2) Calculate AH for each reaction and determine which reaction(s) are exothermic and which Potential energy 612 Chapter 13 Chemical Kinetics 177 reaction(s are endothermic. Assume the reactions have roughly the same frequency factors. 30KJ/mol 20 kJ/mol 40 kJ/mol 50 kJ/mol -40 kJ/mol -20 kJ/mol Reaction progress Reaction progress Reaction progress (a) (b) (c)
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Question
117
Transcribed Image Text:(b) Derive an expression for the concentrati1ón of B
under steady-state conditions; that is, when B is
decomposing to C at the same rate as it is formed
from A.
.115 Ethanol is a toxic substance that, when consumed in
excess, can impair respiratory and cardiac functions
by interference with the neurotransmitters of the ner-
vous system. In the human body, ethanol is metabo-
lized by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to
acetaldehyde, which causes "hangovers." (a) Based
on your knowledge of enzyme kinetics, explain why
binge drinking (that is, consuming too much alcohol
too fast) can prove fatal. (b) Methanol is even more
toxic than ethanol. It is also metabolized by alcohol
dehydrogenase, and the product, formaldehyde, can
cause blindness or death. An antidote to methanol poi-
soning is ethanol. Explain how this procedure works.
13.116 Strontium-90, a radioactive isotope, is a major prod-
uct of an atomic bomb explosion. It has a half-life of
28.1 yr. (a) Calculate the first-order rate constant for
the nuclear decay. (b) Calculate the fraction of 90Sr
that remains after 10 half-lives. (c) Calculate the
number of years required for 99.0 percent of 9Sr to
disappear.
13.117 Consider the potential energy profiles for the fol-
lowing three reactions (from left to right). (1) Rank
the rates (slowest to fastest) of the reactions.
(2) Calculate AH for each reaction and determine
which reaction(s) are exothermic and which
Transcribed Image Text:Potential energy
612
Chapter 13 Chemical Kinetics
177
reaction(s are endothermic. Assume the reactions
have roughly the same frequency factors.
30KJ/mol
20 kJ/mol
40 kJ/mol
50 kJ/mol
-40 kJ/mol
-20 kJ/mol
Reaction progress
Reaction progress
Reaction progress
(a)
(b)
(c)
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