(b) A raft foundation 10 m wide and 12 m long is to be constructed in a clayey soil having a shear strength of 12 kN/m². Unit wiehgt of soil is 16 kN/m³. If the ground surface carries surcharge of 20 kN/m², calculate the maximum depth of foundation to ensure a factor of safety of 1.2 against base failure. (Ne for clays is 5.7)

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Load and resistance factor design

Load and resistance factors design (LRFD), also known as Limit state design (LSD), refers to the design method used in building engineering. A boundary condition is a condition of a structure where it can no longer meet the relevant design requirements. The condition may refer to the load level or other actions on the structure, while the terms refer to the integrity of the structure, suitability for use, durability, or other design requirements. A structure designed for LRFD is limited to keeping track of all possible actions during its design time and is always ready for use, with the appropriate level of reliability in each boundary condition. LRFD-based construction codes clearly define the appropriate levels of reliability in their instructions.