(b) A fixed mass of the ideal gas argon initially occupies a volume of 3 litres at a pressure of 3 MPa. An isometric process, followed by an isentropic process, brings the gas to an equilibrium state at 400°C, 4 MPa and 4 litres volume. An isobaric process finally brings the gas back to a different equilibrium state at the initial temperature. Determine: the mass of gas in the closed system. (i) the temperature, volume, and pressure of the gas, at each of the four states. (iii) the overall change in entropy between the initial and final states. (iv) the work transfer in each of the three processes and the overall work transfer. (Argon: CP= 520.3 Jkg ¹K¹, R= 208.1 Jkg ¹K-¹)

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Properties of Pure Substances

A substance with fixed chemical composition throughout is called a pure substance like water, air, and nitrogen. A pure substance does not have to be a single element or compound. A mixture of two or more phases of a pure substance is also a pure substance as long as the chemical composition is the same for all phases. These substances mainly have a constant/ uniform composition. The substances also have fixed boiling and melting points. A pure substance takes part in a chemical reaction to form predictable products.