Answered: Avogadro’s number is derived from the…

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Avogadro’s number is derived from the number of carbon-12 atoms in 12.00 grams. In a chemical reaction, 2.0 moles of sodium atoms react with 1.0 mole of chlorine gas molecules to produce sodium chloride. How many molecules are present when the reaction starts?

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Step 1: Introduction to the Avogadro's number

$M a s s space o f space 1.0 space m o l e space o f space s u b s tan c e space equals space M a s s space o f space 1.0 space a t o m space o f space s u b s tan c e space x space n u m b e r space o f space a t o m s space i n space o n e space m o l e F o r space C a r b o n M a s s space o f space 1.0 space m o l e space o f space t h e space s u b s tan c e space left parenthesis C a r b o n right parenthesis space equals space 12 g M a s s space o f space 1.0 space a t o m space o f space c a r b o n space equals space 12 space a m u space equals space 12 space x space 1.6 space x space 10 to the power of negative 24 end exponent g space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space left parenthesis A s space 1 space a m u space equals space 1.6 space x space 10 to the power of negative 24 end exponent g right parenthesis therefore N u m b e r space o f space a t o m s space i n space o n e space m o l e space equals space fraction numerator M a s s space o f space 1.0 space m o l e space o f space c a r b o n over denominator M a s s space o f space 1.0 space a t o m space o f space c a r b o n end fraction space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space equals space fraction numerator 12 g over denominator 12 space x space 1.6 space x space 10 to the power of negative 24 end exponent g end fraction space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space equals space 6.022 space x space 10 to the power of 23 space m o l e c u l e s H e n c e space o n e space m o l e space o f space s u b s tan c e space c o n t a i n s space 6.022 space x space 10 to the power of 23 space m o l e c u l e space left parenthesis space i. e space A v a g a d r o apostrophe s space n u m b e r right parenthesis$

From Avogadro's law, 1.0 mole of any substance contains $6.022 cross times 10 to the power of 23$ entities.

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