Ava wants to use an inflatable rubber raft to do a polar bear plunge on New Year's Day. She inflates the raft to one atmosphere in her garage at room temperature, 20°C. She then drives out to the lake where she and her friends are going to swim very briefly in water at a temperature of 1°C. Which of the following scenarios will most likely occur? The decrease in temperature will cause a decrease in the volume of the raft and this drop in volume may cause Ava to sink while on the raft. The decrease in temperature will cause an increase in the volume of the raft and this in- crease in volume may cause Ava to sink while on the raft. The decrease in temperature will cause a decrease in the volume of the raft and this drop in volume will help keep Ava afloat. The decrease in temperature will cause an increase in the volume of the raft and this in- crease in volume will keep Ava afloat.
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
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