Author: Elena Conis Source: Los Angeles Times, October 25, 2010, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm- 2010-oct-25-la-he-nutrition-lab-pumpkin-20101025-story.html According to the article in the Los Angeles Times by Elena Conis, for centuries pumpkin seeds have been a home remedy used to control or increase the frequency of urination in adults, children, and livestock. Knowing this about pumpkin seeds has prompted researchers to explore the possibility of a link between eating the seeds and better prostate health. German researchers have been very involved in exploring this possible connection. The article ummarized one study, the results of which were published in a German journal in 2000. According to the Los Angeles Times, the study: ... randomly selected among about 500 men to take either 1,000 milligrams of pumpkin seed oil extract or a placebo every day for 12 months. Symptoms improved in 65% of the men who took the oil, which the researchers interpreted as a promising (and statistically significant) result, even though symptoms also improved in 54% of the men who took the placebo. Question: Can we be certain that pumpkin seed oil is effective? No, because there is always a chance a Type I error occurred. Yes, because the p-value must have been less than the pre-set alpha level. Yes, because the results were statistically significant. No, because the results were not statistically significant.