ATP Structure H- N NH₂ N Adenine, (Nitrogenous base) N N H -H H H CH, O H Alpha Beta phosphate phosphate group group OH OH Ribose (5-carbon sugar) O PO Science Facts... Gamma phosphate group Triphosphate chain Phosphoanhydride bonds (-) O
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- Glycerophospholipids Phosphatidylethanolamine 2. Calculate the net ATP yield per fatty acid after complete oxidation. Show your solution using a table of pathways, reducing equivalents, and ATPGlycerophospholipids Phosphatidylethanolamine 1. classify the fatty acids as essential or non-essential and also as saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated. 2. Calculate the net ATP yield per fatty acid after complete oxidation. Show your solution using a table of pathways, reducing equivalents, and ATP 3. In case the cell is in a state requiring large amount of ATP to support energy-requiring reactions/pathways, assuming that you have 1 mole of each of the said lipids are catabolized and complete oxidized, will the total net ATP yield from these two lipids be higher or lower than the sum of the net ATPs generated from each fatty acid components? Justify your answer in biochemical terms and using 5 sentences or less.Cyclization of monosaccharides: A Aldopentoses can form both pyran and fu- ran rings. B] Pyran rings are more stable than furan rings and are thus more abundant; |C Ketohexoses can only form furan rings; D Preferentially involves a primary alcohol function, because it is more reactive than a secondary alcohol function; E Ketopentoses can only form pyran rings and not furan rings;
- Energetic of Fructose-1 ,6-bis P Hydrolysis (Integrates with Chapter 3.) The standard free energy change (G) for hydrolysis of fructose-1. 6-bisphosphate (FBP) to fructose-S-phosphate (F-6-P) and P: is -16.7 KJ/mol: FBP + H2O fructose-6-P + Pi The standard free energy change (G) for ATP hydrolysis is -30.5 KJ/mol: ATP + H2O ADP + Pj What is the standard free energy change for the phosphofructokinase reaction: ATP + fructose-6-P ADP + FBP b. What is the equilibrium constant for this reaction? c. Assuming the intracellular concentrations of [ATP] and (ADP] are maintained constant at 4 mM and 1.6 mM, respectively, in a rat liver cell, what will be the ratio of [FBP]/[fructose-6-P] when the phosphofructokinase reaction reaches equilibrium?His388 Glu357 His388 Glu357 Ring opening Proton HO HO abstraction HO но- G6P He NH- NH His388 His388 His388 Glu357 Glu357 Glu357 HO но HO но- но OH cis-enediol F6P Ring closure intermediate OH Describe the mechanism shown above for phosphoglucose isomerase. Describe the chemistry of each step • How the enzyme appears or might facilitate the chemistry How the enzyme increases the reaction rate.Glycerophospholipids Phosphatidylethanolamine 3. In case the cell is in a state requiring large amount of ATP to support energy-requiring reactions/pathways, assuming that you have 1 mole of each of the said lipids are catabolized and complete oxidized, will the total net ATP yield from these two lipids be higher or lower than the sum of the net ATPs generated from each fatty acid components? Justify your answer in biochemical terms and using 5 sentences or less.
- biochemistry acid phospatases are an important group of enzymes that can be detected in human blood serum. Under slightly acidic conditions (pH 5.0), this group of enzymes can hydrolyze biological phosphate esters as follows: R-O-P-O, + H 20> R-OH + HO-P-O,. Acid phosphatases are produced and can be detected in erythrocytes, kidney, spleen, the liver, and prostrate gland. The enzyme from the prostrate gland is clinically important because an increased activity in the blood is frequently an indication of cancer of the prostrate gland. Tartrate ion can strongly inhibit the phosphatase from the prostrate gland, but not acid phosphatases from other tissues. How can you use the information above to develop a specific procedure for measuring the activity of the acid phosphatase of the prostrate gland in human blood serum?Structures of L-Cysteine from highly protonated to depronated form. Note Structure A as themost protonated form. Based on the table, 1. Which structure will exist at the following conditions: (a) pH =1.00 (b) pH = 8.33 (c) pH = 7.00Which of the following statements is true O Sphingomyelin posses phosphoryl serine in addition to two long hydrocarbon chains, one contributed by a fatty acid and the other by sphingosine OLipid compositions of membrane mono-layers are symmetrical O Unsaturated fatty acids have double bond(s) in the cis configuration In ABO blood typing, lack of glycosyltransferase and galactosyltransferase produces AB blood group
- 4- Salicylamides are inhibitors for an enzyme called scytalone dehydratase. SAR shows that there are three important hydrogen bonding interactions. Explain whether you think quinazolines could act as a bioisostere for salicylamides. HBA OH O 00 N NHR Quinazolines Salicylamides Ph HBA 5- Structure IX (X = NH) is an inhibitor of a metalloenzyme called thermolysin and forms interactions as shown. Explain why the analogue (X = O) has reduced binding affinity by a factor of 1000 and why the analogue (X = SH) has roughly the same binding affinity. Structure IX H HBD Ala-113 RFatty acid with 30 carbons. How many ATPs?O Login - Sr Cycle - 4447214 A @ Tools Add-ons Help Last edit was 2 hours ago al text Arial 12 BIUA 2 wwww p gr I| 3 I 4 5 | 6 13. This new compound with one fewer phosphate groups is called adenosine diphosphate (ADP). What does the prefix "di" mean? 14. Compare the structural formulas of ADP and ATP and complete the table below, ATP ADP Number of ribose molecules Number of adenine molecules Number of phosphate molecules Which one is formed when ATP loses a phosphate group? Mark only one box. WHich one is formed when ADP gains a phosphate group? Mark only one box. Part IlI: Changing ADP to ATP DELL