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ATP Pyruvate Pyruvate 2. Citric acid cycle The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. Each acetyl CoA molecules react with a 4-carbon molecule, forming two -Cavbon citrate molecules. As citrate molecules goes through a cycle of biochemical reactions, NADH and FADH2 molecules are produced, and two CO2 per citrate are released. The citric acid cycle is also able to produce one ATP molecule per turn. Because of the two acetyl groups that enter the cycle per glucose molecule, the cycle turns

ATP Pyruvate Pyruvate 2. Citric acid cycle The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. Each acetyl CoA molecules react with a 4-carbon molecule, forming two -Cavbon citrate molecules. As citrate molecules goes through a cycle of biochemical reactions, NADH and FADH2 molecules are produced, and two CO2 per citrate are released. The citric acid cycle is also able to produce one ATP molecule per turn. Because of the two acetyl groups that enter the cycle per glucose molecule, the cycle turns

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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ATP Pyruvate Pyruvate 2. Citric acid cycle The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. Each acetyl CoA molecules react with a 4-carbon molecule, forming two o-coulbon citrate molecules. As citrate molecules goes through a cycle of biochemical reactions, NADH and FADH2 molecules are produced, and two CO2 per citrate are released. The citric acid cycle is also able to produce one ATP molecule per turn. Because of the two acetyl groups that enter the cycle per glucose molecule, the cycle turns iTeachly 4 Copyright © iTeachly.com
Transcribed Image Text:ATP Pyruvate Pyruvate 2. Citric acid cycle The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. Each acetyl CoA molecules react with a 4-carbon molecule, forming two o-coulbon citrate molecules. As citrate molecules goes through a cycle of biochemical reactions, NADH and FADH2 molecules are produced, and two CO2 per citrate are released. The citric acid cycle is also able to produce one ATP molecule per turn. Because of the two acetyl groups that enter the cycle per glucose molecule, the cycle turns iTeachly 4 Copyright © iTeachly.com
(H+ > H,0 x 2 ADP ATP Mitochondrial matrix 2 free 2 electrons 1/2 of hydrogen exiting ETC an Og molecule PO, ions Anaerobic Respiration The cell undergoes the previously described stages if there is sufficient amount of oxygen that is able to receive the hydrogen released in the electron transport chain, therefore this type of cellular respiration is called i.e. in free But, when oxygen is missing or in low quantity, cells of living organisms respire byanoevoloc respiration i.e. in the lack of oxygen. This is also called fermentation, and it doesn't need oxygen, but it takes place in the presence of some special enzymes. Anaerobic respiration begins with the same beginning of the aerobic respiration. The Glucose molecule is decomposed into two molecules ofpyyAvle acid, with the formation of two molecules of NADH + H* and a small quantity of energy (2 ATP molecules). The next step depends on the type of cell doing this respiration. 1. In case of animal cells, especially muscle fibers and Bacteria, When the muscles exert vigorous efforts or exercises, they consume most of the oxygen. The cells tend to convert pyruvic acid into lactic acid after its reduction by combining with hydrogen on NADH. This is known as muscular fatigue or acidic fermentation. If oxygen becomes available, lactic acid is converted intopyvuvic acdagain and then into acetylco-A
Transcribed Image Text:(H+ > H,0 x 2 ADP ATP Mitochondrial matrix 2 free 2 electrons 1/2 of hydrogen exiting ETC an Og molecule PO, ions Anaerobic Respiration The cell undergoes the previously described stages if there is sufficient amount of oxygen that is able to receive the hydrogen released in the electron transport chain, therefore this type of cellular respiration is called i.e. in free But, when oxygen is missing or in low quantity, cells of living organisms respire byanoevoloc respiration i.e. in the lack of oxygen. This is also called fermentation, and it doesn't need oxygen, but it takes place in the presence of some special enzymes. Anaerobic respiration begins with the same beginning of the aerobic respiration. The Glucose molecule is decomposed into two molecules ofpyyAvle acid, with the formation of two molecules of NADH + H* and a small quantity of energy (2 ATP molecules). The next step depends on the type of cell doing this respiration. 1. In case of animal cells, especially muscle fibers and Bacteria, When the muscles exert vigorous efforts or exercises, they consume most of the oxygen. The cells tend to convert pyruvic acid into lactic acid after its reduction by combining with hydrogen on NADH. This is known as muscular fatigue or acidic fermentation. If oxygen becomes available, lactic acid is converted intopyvuvic acdagain and then into acetylco-A
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