ATP Pyruvate Pyruvate 2. Citric acid cycle The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. Each acetyl CoA molecules react with a 4-carbon molecule, forming two -Cavbon citrate molecules. As citrate molecules goes through a cycle of biochemical reactions, NADH and FADH2 molecules are produced, and two CO2 per citrate are released. The citric acid cycle is also able to produce one ATP molecule per turn. Because of the two acetyl groups that enter the cycle per glucose molecule, the cycle turns
ATP Pyruvate Pyruvate 2. Citric acid cycle The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. Each acetyl CoA molecules react with a 4-carbon molecule, forming two -Cavbon citrate molecules. As citrate molecules goes through a cycle of biochemical reactions, NADH and FADH2 molecules are produced, and two CO2 per citrate are released. The citric acid cycle is also able to produce one ATP molecule per turn. Because of the two acetyl groups that enter the cycle per glucose molecule, the cycle turns
Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN:9781305577206
Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Chapter19: The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 15P
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![ATP
Pyruvate
Pyruvate
2. Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. Each acetyl CoA molecules react with a 4-carbon molecule,
forming two o-coulbon citrate molecules. As citrate molecules goes through a cycle of biochemical reactions, NADH
and FADH2 molecules are produced, and two CO2 per citrate are released. The citric acid cycle is also able to produce
one ATP molecule per turn. Because of the two acetyl groups that enter the cycle per glucose molecule, the cycle turns
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Transcribed Image Text:ATP
Pyruvate
Pyruvate
2. Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. Each acetyl CoA molecules react with a 4-carbon molecule,
forming two o-coulbon citrate molecules. As citrate molecules goes through a cycle of biochemical reactions, NADH
and FADH2 molecules are produced, and two CO2 per citrate are released. The citric acid cycle is also able to produce
one ATP molecule per turn. Because of the two acetyl groups that enter the cycle per glucose molecule, the cycle turns
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![(H+
> H,0 x 2
ADP
ATP
Mitochondrial matrix
2 free
2 electrons
1/2 of
hydrogen exiting ETC an Og
molecule
PO,
ions
Anaerobic Respiration
The cell undergoes the previously described stages if there is sufficient amount of oxygen that is able to receive the
hydrogen released in the electron transport chain, therefore this type of cellular respiration is called
i.e. in free
But, when oxygen is missing or in low quantity, cells of living organisms respire byanoevoloc respiration i.e. in
the lack of oxygen. This is also called fermentation, and it doesn't need oxygen, but it takes place in the presence of some
special enzymes.
Anaerobic respiration begins with the same beginning of the aerobic respiration. The Glucose molecule is decomposed
into two molecules ofpyyAvle acid, with the formation of two molecules of NADH + H* and a small quantity of energy
(2 ATP molecules). The next step depends on the type of cell doing this respiration.
1. In case of animal cells, especially muscle fibers and Bacteria,
When the muscles exert vigorous efforts or exercises, they consume most of the oxygen. The cells tend to convert pyruvic
acid into lactic acid after its reduction by combining with hydrogen on NADH. This is known as muscular fatigue or acidic
fermentation. If oxygen becomes available, lactic acid is converted intopyvuvic acdagain and then into acetylco-A](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F2de2b538-88b2-4b2c-8efe-38f2d6e1df65%2F1b274f4f-e037-4d54-a149-f73c15740f5a%2F5abqqj_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:(H+
> H,0 x 2
ADP
ATP
Mitochondrial matrix
2 free
2 electrons
1/2 of
hydrogen exiting ETC an Og
molecule
PO,
ions
Anaerobic Respiration
The cell undergoes the previously described stages if there is sufficient amount of oxygen that is able to receive the
hydrogen released in the electron transport chain, therefore this type of cellular respiration is called
i.e. in free
But, when oxygen is missing or in low quantity, cells of living organisms respire byanoevoloc respiration i.e. in
the lack of oxygen. This is also called fermentation, and it doesn't need oxygen, but it takes place in the presence of some
special enzymes.
Anaerobic respiration begins with the same beginning of the aerobic respiration. The Glucose molecule is decomposed
into two molecules ofpyyAvle acid, with the formation of two molecules of NADH + H* and a small quantity of energy
(2 ATP molecules). The next step depends on the type of cell doing this respiration.
1. In case of animal cells, especially muscle fibers and Bacteria,
When the muscles exert vigorous efforts or exercises, they consume most of the oxygen. The cells tend to convert pyruvic
acid into lactic acid after its reduction by combining with hydrogen on NADH. This is known as muscular fatigue or acidic
fermentation. If oxygen becomes available, lactic acid is converted intopyvuvic acdagain and then into acetylco-A
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