Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
At which levels of DNA regulation do small RNAs function?
Gene regulation involves the expression of certain genes at a time out of all the genes present in the genome. All the different cells of the body require to express genes necessary for them to function. This is determined by some chemical signals that ultimately result in switching on and off of the gene expression.
Eukaryotic gene expression involves several steps such as Chromatin accessibility, Transcription, RNA processing, Translation, Protein activity. For a gene to get expressed it has to go through all these stages. In eukaryotes, transcription is considered as the main control point. In eukaryotes, the default state of genes remain ‘off’ due to packaging done by histones. Thus, regulatory genes turn the process of gene regulation ‘on’ as and when required.
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