At the presentation ceremony, a championship bowler is presented a 1.58-kg trophy which he holds at arm's length, a distance of 0.655 m from his shoulder joint. (a) Determine the torque (in N• m) the trophy exerts about the shoulder joint when his arm is horizontal. (Enter the magnitude only.) Carefully draw a diagram which shows the force F which produces the torque for this situation, the vector which locates the point of application of the force relative to the shoulder joint and the angle 0 between the direction of these two vectors. See if you can write a relationship that will allow you to determine the magnitude of the torque i if you know the magnitude of the vectors i and F, and also the angle 0 between their direction. N • m (b) Determine the torque (in N. m) the trophy exerts about the shoulder joint when his arm is at an angle of 35.0° below the horizontal. (Enter the magnitude only.) Carefully draw a diagram which shows the force F which produces the torque for this situation, the vector ; which locates the point of application of the force relative to the shoulder joint and the angle 0 between the direction of these two vectors. See if you can write a relationship that will allow you to determine the magnitude of the torque i if you know the magnitude of the vectors and F, and also the angle 0 between their direction. N •m
Angular Momentum
The momentum of an object is given by multiplying its mass and velocity. Momentum is a property of any object that moves with mass. The only difference between angular momentum and linear momentum is that angular momentum deals with moving or spinning objects. A moving particle's linear momentum can be thought of as a measure of its linear motion. The force is proportional to the rate of change of linear momentum. Angular momentum is always directly proportional to mass. In rotational motion, the concept of angular momentum is often used. Since it is a conserved quantity—the total angular momentum of a closed system remains constant—it is a significant quantity in physics. To understand the concept of angular momentum first we need to understand a rigid body and its movement, a position vector that is used to specify the position of particles in space. A rigid body possesses motion it may be linear or rotational. Rotational motion plays important role in angular momentum.
Moment of a Force
The idea of moments is an important concept in physics. It arises from the fact that distance often plays an important part in the interaction of, or in determining the impact of forces on bodies. Moments are often described by their order [first, second, or higher order] based on the power to which the distance has to be raised to understand the phenomenon. Of particular note are the second-order moment of mass (Moment of Inertia) and moments of force.
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