At first glance, we expect the Zeff of a valence electron of sodium (Z = 11) to be 1 but in reality, it is closer to 2.667 because _____. A) the assumptions that core electrons block protons 1 for 1 and valence electrons contribute to shielding is completely valid. B) of quantum effects that are not understood. C) the assumptions that core electrons block protons 1 for 1 and valence electrons do not contribute to shielding are not completely valid.

Chemistry
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Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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Chapter7: Atomic Structure And Periodicity
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Problem 132E: Using data from the text, determine the following values (justify your answer): a. the electron...
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At first glance, we expect the Zeff of a valence electron of sodium (Z = 11) to be 1 but in reality, it is closer to 2.667 because _____.
A) the assumptions that core electrons block protons 1 for 1 and valence electrons contribute to shielding is completely valid.
B) of quantum effects that are not understood.
C) the assumptions that core electrons block protons 1 for 1 and valence electrons do not contribute to shielding are not completely valid.
 
 
 
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