At a certain genetic locus on a chromosome, each individual has one of three different DNA sequences (alleles). The three alleles are denoted A, B, C. At another genetic locus on the same chromosome, each organism has one of three alleles, denoted 1, 2, 3. Each individual therefore has one of nine possible allele pairs: A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, or C3. These allele pairs are called haplorypes. The loci are said to be in linkage equilibrium if the two alleles in an individual's haplotype are independent. Haplotypes were determined for 316 individuals. The following MINITAB output presents the results of a chi-square test for independence. Chi-Square Test: A, B, C Expected counts are printed below observed counts Chi-Square contributions are printed below expected counts в с Total 66 44 34 144 61.06 47.39 35.54 0.399 0.243 0.067 2 36 38 20 94 39.86 30.94 23.20 0.374 1.613 0.442 3 32 22 24 78 33.08 25.67 19.25 0.035 0.525 1.170 Total 134 104 78 316 Chi-Sq = 4.868, DF = 4, P-Value = 0.301 How many individuals were observed to have the haplotype B3? What is the expected number of individuals with the haplotype A2? Which of the nine haplotypes was least frequently observed? Which of the nine haplotypes has the smallest expected count? Can you conclude that the loci are not in linkage equilibrium (i.e., not independent)? Explain. Can you conclude that the loci are in linkage equilibrium (i.e., independent)? Explain. a. b. C. d. e. f.
At a certain genetic locus on a chromosome, each individual has one of three different DNA sequences (alleles). The three alleles are denoted A, B, C. At another genetic locus on the same chromosome, each organism has one of three alleles, denoted 1, 2, 3. Each individual therefore has one of nine possible allele pairs: A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, or C3. These allele pairs are called haplorypes. The loci are said to be in linkage equilibrium if the two alleles in an individual's haplotype are independent. Haplotypes were determined for 316 individuals. The following MINITAB output presents the results of a chi-square test for independence. Chi-Square Test: A, B, C Expected counts are printed below observed counts Chi-Square contributions are printed below expected counts в с Total 66 44 34 144 61.06 47.39 35.54 0.399 0.243 0.067 2 36 38 20 94 39.86 30.94 23.20 0.374 1.613 0.442 3 32 22 24 78 33.08 25.67 19.25 0.035 0.525 1.170 Total 134 104 78 316 Chi-Sq = 4.868, DF = 4, P-Value = 0.301 How many individuals were observed to have the haplotype B3? What is the expected number of individuals with the haplotype A2? Which of the nine haplotypes was least frequently observed? Which of the nine haplotypes has the smallest expected count? Can you conclude that the loci are not in linkage equilibrium (i.e., not independent)? Explain. Can you conclude that the loci are in linkage equilibrium (i.e., independent)? Explain. a. b. C. d. e. f.
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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Transcribed Image Text:At a certain genetic locus on a chromosome, each individual has one of three different DNA
sequences (alleles). The three alleles are denoted A, B, C. At another genetic locus on the
same chromosome, each organism has one of three alleles, denoted 1, 2, 3. Each individual
therefore has one of nine possible allele pairs: A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, or C3.
These allele pairs are called haplorypes. The loci are said to be in linkage equilibrium if the
two alleles in an individual's haplotype are independent. Haplotypes were determined for
316 individuals. The following MINITAB output presents the results of a chi-square test for
independence.
Chi-Square Test: A, B, C
Expected counts are printed below observed counts
Chi-Square contributions are printed below expected counts
в с
Total
66
44
34
144
61.06
47.39
35.54
0.399
0.243
0.067
2
36
38
20
94
39.86
30.94
23.20
0.374
1.613
0.442
3
32
22
24
78
33.08
25.67
19.25
0.035
0.525
1.170
Total
134
104
78
316
Chi-Sq = 4.868, DF = 4,
P-Value = 0.301
How many individuals were observed to have the haplotype B3?
What is the expected number of individuals with the haplotype A2?
Which of the nine haplotypes was least frequently observed?
Which of the nine haplotypes has the smallest expected count?
Can you conclude that the loci are not in linkage equilibrium (i.e., not independent)?
Explain.
Can you conclude that the loci are in linkage equilibrium (i.e., independent)? Explain.
a.
b.
C.
d.
e.
f.
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