Assume that X(t) and Y(t) are two independent standard Brownian motion processes satisfying X(0) = 0 and Y(0) = 0. Let M(t) = max0 z, X(t) ≤ x) = 1 − Þ ·0 (22-72), z > 0, x 0. [Hint: Apply Reflection Principle for (i).]
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- Let x=x(t) be a twice-differentiable function and consider the second order differential equation x+ax+bx=0(11) Show that the change of variables y = x' and z = x allows Equation (11) to be written as a system of two linear differential equations in y and z. Show that the characteristic equation of the system in part (a) is 2+a+b=0.Let D denote the unit disc given by {(x,y) x² + y² ≤1} and let De be its | complement in the plane. The partial differential equation (x²-1) 0²4 +2y (a) (b) (c) (d) ²u อน axay ay² = 0 is Parabolic for all (x, y) = D Hyperbolic for all (x,y) = D Hyperbolic for all (x, y) = DC Parabolic for all (x,y) e D[#1] Exercise 7.46. Prove that if y = y' then y = ky' for some scalar k.
- 1. For the LTI ODE x(t) + 3x(t) +9x(t) + 14x(t) = u(t) a) Derive the transfer function if y(t) = 2x(t) + 3x(t) b) Based on the transfer function you derived, find the poles and zeros of the transfer function c) Use the initial value theorem to find the instantaneous change in y if a step input u = 1 is applied to the system at rest at t = 0 d) Use the final value theorem to find the steady-state value of y if a step input u = 1 is applied to the system at rest at t = 0 e) Convert the LTI ODE into state space in Matlab f) Use step to confirm your answers in parts (c) and (d) g) Use ss2tf to confirm your answer to part (a) h) Use roots on your results from ss2tf to confirm your answer to part (b) i) Also use eig to confirm the poles in part (b)Calculate and simplify the Wronskian of the following two functions: y₁ (t) = 3t+3, y2(t) = 1² + 1 Based on the value of the Wronskian, are y₁ and y2 linearly dependent or linearly independent?Let dx/dt = x2y3 dy/dt = -x - y - (xy4)/2 be a dynamical system. Is L(x,y) = (x2)/2 + (x2y4)/4 a proper Lyapunov function?
- Consider the following equation system: (P =r – Q – I +w P = a I+ Q? I = B Q + Vw where Q,P,I are the endogenous variables and r, w, a and B are parameters. Find all partial derivatives of the endogenous variable Q respect to parameters w, using the implicit theorem with the approach of simultaneous equation.Need help with part a). Please explain each step and neatly type up. Thank you :)a) Find the global maxima and minima for the function x² +2y? on the interior of the triangle with vertices (-1,2), (–1, –1), (2, –1). b) Compute the differential df for f(x, y) = sin(x)e™y?. c) Compute the differential dz and first order partials for a composite function z = x? + xy + y², x = r cos(0), y = rsin(0). d) Prove that f(t, x) = h(x – at) + h(x+ at) satisfies the wave equation fu – a? faa = 0 %3D for any differentiable twice function h(z).
- If the partial derivatives of A, B. U, and Vare assumed to exist, then I. V(U + V) = VU + VV or grad (U+ )3grad u+ grad V 2. V (A +B) = V-A+V B or div (A + B) +div A + div B 3. Vx (A +B) = VxA+VxB or curl (A + B) = curlA+ curl B 4. V.(UA) = (VU) - A+ U(V A) 5. Vx (UA) = (VU) xA + U(V x A) 6. V.(A x B) = B (Vx A)-A (Vx B) 7. Vx (A x B) = (B V)A- B(V A)-(A V)B+ A(V B) 8. V(A B) (B V)A+ (A V)B+ Bx (Vx A) + A x (V x B) 9. V.(VU) = VU= is called the Laplacian of U. +. and V =. ar dyaz is called the Lapacian operator. 10. Vx (VU) =0. The curl of the gradient of U is zero, 11. V.(Vx A) = 0. The divergence of the curl of A is zero. 12. Vx (Vx A)= V(V. A)-V Acan you please provide full solutions with explanationscan you please do part b