Assume that a hypothetical object has just four quantum states with the following energies: -1.0 eV (third excited state) -1.8 eV (second excited state) -2.9 eV (first excited state) -4.8 eV (ground state) a. Suppose that a material containing many such objects is hit with a beam of energetic electrons, which ensures that there are always some objects in all of these states. What are the six energies of photons that could be strongly emitted by the material? (In actual quantum objects there are often "selection rules" that forbid certain emissions even though there is enough energy; assume that there are no such restrictions here.) List the photon emission energies.

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5. Assume that a hypothetical object has just four quantum states with the following
energies:
-1.0 eV (third excited state)
-1.8 eV (second excited state)
-2.9 eV (first excited state)
-4.8 eV (ground state)
a. Suppose that a material containing many such objects is hit with a beam of
energetic electrons, which ensures that there are always some objects in all
of these states. What are the six energies of photons that could be strongly
emitted by the material? (In actual quantum objects there are often
"selection rules" that forbid certain emissions even though there is enough
energy; assume that there are no such restrictions here.) List the photon
emission energies.
b. Next, suppose that the beam of electrons is shut off so that all of the objects
are in the ground state almost all the time. If electromagnetic radiation with
a wide range of energies is passed through the material, what will be the
three energies of photons corresponding to missing ("dark") lines in the
spectrum? Remember that there is hardly any absorption from excited
states because emission from an excited state happens very quickly so
there is never a significant number of objects in an excited state. Assume
that the detector is sensitive to a wide range of photon energies, not just
energies in the visible region. List the dark-line energies.
Transcribed Image Text:5. Assume that a hypothetical object has just four quantum states with the following energies: -1.0 eV (third excited state) -1.8 eV (second excited state) -2.9 eV (first excited state) -4.8 eV (ground state) a. Suppose that a material containing many such objects is hit with a beam of energetic electrons, which ensures that there are always some objects in all of these states. What are the six energies of photons that could be strongly emitted by the material? (In actual quantum objects there are often "selection rules" that forbid certain emissions even though there is enough energy; assume that there are no such restrictions here.) List the photon emission energies. b. Next, suppose that the beam of electrons is shut off so that all of the objects are in the ground state almost all the time. If electromagnetic radiation with a wide range of energies is passed through the material, what will be the three energies of photons corresponding to missing ("dark") lines in the spectrum? Remember that there is hardly any absorption from excited states because emission from an excited state happens very quickly so there is never a significant number of objects in an excited state. Assume that the detector is sensitive to a wide range of photon energies, not just energies in the visible region. List the dark-line energies.
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