Questions are in the text and the information for the questions is attached as images:B) Assume an activation energy for the temperature effect on weathering of 74kJ/mol (West et al., Earth & Planetary Science Letters 2005). What is the signand magnitude of planetary temperature change?It is often said of warming climates that “wet areas get wetter, dry areas getdrier.” 2 Given that weathering rate depends on both temperature and rainfall,explain qualitatively how changes in rainfall on the Central Pangean Mountains due to the warming you calculated in part (b) would feed back on (and thusmodify) your answer to part (b). Q1. Effect of Supercontinent Formation. The purpose of the question is to think throughthe role of mountains in climate stability. Mountains are important to the global weatheringbudget. This is because mountain uplift increases the amount of material available forweathering per year (the sediment mass flux). Because the total planet-integratedweathering must be constant (averaged over >107 yr timescales) in order to avoid a climaterunaway, the increase in material available for weathering must be compensated by adecrease in the amount of weathering per unit sediment. The easiest way to decrease theamount of weathering per unit sediment is to lower the planet temperature. (The loweringof temperature is accommodated by a transient pulse of increased weathering. Thistransient increase in weathering lowers the CO₂ concentration, which lowers temperature.The planet is now less efficient at weathering each sediment parcel, and so the climate re-equilibrates at a new, lower temperature).The purpose of this question is to work through the order-of-magnitude effect on planetaryclimate of forming new mountain belts.Earth 280 Ma. Credit: Ron Blakey (NAU).The most recent global supercontinent, Pangea, was completed ~280 Ma by collision ofNorth America with Africa. The collision (the Alleghenian orogeny) created a mountainchain, the Central Pangean Mountains. The Appalachian Mountains approximatelycorrespond to a remnant of this mountain belt. In this question, use the paleogeographicreconstruction above (grid spacing 30 degrees) and Earth radius = 6 x 106 m. Assume weathering rate per unit rock (cations/yr/km³) scales asπαρ-E/RTwhere E is activation energy and R is the gas constant, 8.314 J/mol/K, and surfacetemperature T is in K. Assume an effective activation energy for weathering ("effective"including the effect of temperature on rainfall) of E = 74 kJ/mol (West et al., Earth &Planetary Science Letters, 2005).

To calculate the sign and magnitude of planetary temperature change, we can use the Arrhenius…

Answered: Assume an activation energy for the…

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)

9th Edition

ISBN:9780134746241

Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa

Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa

Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1LR

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Questions are in the text and the information for the questions is attached as images:

B) Assume an activation energy for the temperature effect on weathering of 74
kJ/mol (West et al., Earth & Planetary Science Letters 2005). What is the sign
and magnitude of planetary temperature change?

It is often said of warming climates that “wet areas get wetter, dry areas get
drier.” 2 Given that weathering rate depends on both temperature and rainfall,
explain qualitatively how changes in rainfall on the Central Pangean Mountains due to the warming you calculated in part (b) would feed back on (and thus
modify) your answer to part (b).