ASSIGNMENT #5 BIAXIAL BENDING Problem: Check the beam shown for compliance with the NSCP Specification. Lateral support is provided only at the ends, and A992 steel is used, Fy, = 345 mPa. The 90 kN service loads are 30% dead load and 70% live load. a. Use LRFD b. Use ASD d tw by ty 1x(106) Sx (10³) SECTION mm mm mm mmª mm³ W410x100 415 10 260 16.9 398 1920 mm mm 177 1m 90 kN 1.5m W410x100 I Loaded Section 90 kN Ly(106) Sy(10³) mmª mm³ 49.5 381 Ty mm 62.4 1m Zx (10³) Zy(10³) mm³ mm³ 2130 581

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Measuring site work, Excavation and Piling

Bid drawings typically include very little material about the precise requirements of site work operations, measuring site work and excavation work differs from measuring most other works on a construction project. The actual site work conditions are not provided and also the dimensions of the excavations are not known during the pre-construction phase. The precise measurement of the excavation and backfill of the earth material and topsoil is important for a contractor to decide upon the total cost required for the process. All the works should be carried out under OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) standards to ensure the safety of the workers.