As the evidence on the adverse effects of cigarette smoke grew, people tried many different ways to quit smoking. Some people tried chewing tobacco or, as it was called, smokeless tobacco. A small amount of tobacco was placed between the cheek and gum. Certain chemicals from the tobacco were absorbed into the bloodstream and gave the sensation of smoking cigarettes. This prompted studies on the adverse effects of smokeless tobacco. One study in particular used 40 university students as subjects. Twenty were given smokeless tobacco to chew, and twenty given a substance that looked and tasted like smokeless tobacco, but did not contain any of the harmful substances. The students were randomly assigned to one of the groups. The students' blood pressure and heart rate were measured before they started chewing and 20 minutes after they had been chewing. A significant increase in heart rate occurred in the group that chewed the smokeless tobacco. Answer the following questions. a. What type of study was this (observational or experimental)? b. What are the independent and dependent variables? c. Which was the treatment group? d. Could the students' blood pressures be affected by knowing that they are part of a study? List some possible confounding variables.
As the evidence on the adverse effects of cigarette smoke grew, people tried many different ways to quit smoking. Some people tried chewing tobacco or, as it was called, smokeless tobacco. A small amount of tobacco was placed between the cheek and gum. Certain chemicals from the tobacco were absorbed into the bloodstream and gave the sensation of smoking cigarettes. This prompted studies on the adverse effects of smokeless tobacco. One study in particular used 40 university students as subjects. Twenty were given smokeless tobacco to chew, and twenty given a substance that looked and tasted like smokeless tobacco, but did not contain any of the harmful substances. The students were randomly assigned to one of the groups. The students' blood pressure and heart rate were measured before they started chewing and 20 minutes after they had been chewing. A significant increase in heart rate occurred in the group that chewed the smokeless tobacco. Answer the following questions. a. What type of study was this (observational or experimental)? b. What are the independent and dependent variables? c. Which was the treatment group? d. Could the students' blood pressures be affected by knowing that they are part of a study? List some possible confounding variables.
Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN:9780133594140
Author:James Kurose, Keith Ross
Publisher:James Kurose, Keith Ross
Chapter1: Computer Networks And The Internet
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem R1RQ: What is the difference between a host and an end system? List several different types of end...
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Transcribed Image Text:As the evidence on the adverse effects of cigarette smoke grew, people tried many different ways
to quit smoking. Some people tried chewing tobacco or, as it was called, smokeless tobacco. A
small amount of tobacco was placed between the cheek and gum. Certain chemicals from the
tobacco were absorbed into the bloodstream and gave the sensation of smoking cigarettes. This
prompted studies on the adverse effects of smokeless tobacco. One study in particular used 40
university students as subjects. Twenty were given smokeless tobacco to chew, and twenty given a
substance that looked and tasted like smokeless tobacco, but did not contain any of the harmful
substances. The students were randomly assigned to one of the groups. The students' blood
and heart rate were measured before they started chewing and 20 minutes after they
had been chewing. A significant increase in heart rate occurred in the group that chewed the
smokeless tobacco. Answer the following questions.
a. What type of study was this (observational or experimental)?
b. What are the independent and dependent variables?
c. Which was the treatment group?
d. Could the students' blood pressures be affected by knowing that they are part of a study?
e. List some possible confounding variables.
pressure
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