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As reported by a group of researchers, there is an alternative to substitute the n-hexane with cyclohexane to improve oil and grease recoveries. In order to apply cyclohexane as your extraction solvent, you need to separate cyclohexane from the vapor phase mixture of n- pentane (1) and cyclohexane (2). (a) Sketch a Pxy diagram and label P-x1 and P-y1 curves for the entire system. Show that species 1 is more volatile than species 2 at 50°C (323.15 K).

As reported by a group of researchers, there is an alternative to substitute the n-hexane with cyclohexane to improve oil and grease recoveries. In order to apply cyclohexane as your extraction solvent, you need to separate cyclohexane from the vapor phase mixture of n- pentane (1) and cyclohexane (2). (a) Sketch a Pxy diagram and label P-x1 and P-y1 curves for the entire system. Show that species 1 is more volatile than species 2 at 50°C (323.15 K).

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781259696527
Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1P
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Thermodynamics

As reported by a group of researchers, there is an alternative to substitute the n-hexane with cyclohexane to improve oil and grease recoveries. In order to apply cyclohexane as your extraction solvent, you need to separate cyclohexane from the vapor phase mixture of n- pentane (1) and cyclohexane (2). (a) Sketch a Pxy diagram and label P-x1 and P-y1 curves for the entire system. Show that species 1 is more volatile than species 2 at 50°C (323.15 K). (b) In view of the higher boiling point of cyclohexane (2), your team member suggests to lower the temperature of the mixture between the boiling point of n-pentane (1) and cyclohexane (2). In doing so, he claims that all cyclohexane (2) could be condensed without condensing any n-pentane (1). By using an appropriate graphic illustration, explain whether this approach will work? State all assumptions made.
Transcribed Image Text:As reported by a group of researchers, there is an alternative to substitute the n-hexane with cyclohexane to improve oil and grease recoveries. In order to apply cyclohexane as your extraction solvent, you need to separate cyclohexane from the vapor phase mixture of n- pentane (1) and cyclohexane (2). (a) Sketch a Pxy diagram and label P-x1 and P-y1 curves for the entire system. Show that species 1 is more volatile than species 2 at 50°C (323.15 K). (b) In view of the higher boiling point of cyclohexane (2), your team member suggests to lower the temperature of the mixture between the boiling point of n-pentane (1) and cyclohexane (2). In doing so, he claims that all cyclohexane (2) could be condensed without condensing any n-pentane (1). By using an appropriate graphic illustration, explain whether this approach will work? State all assumptions made.
APPENDIX 1 In P/kPa- A - IB/(T/K + C)) Latent heat of vaporization at the normal boiling point (AH,) and normal boiling point (7,) Purameters for Antoine Equation Temperange Range AH. K kJ/mol K Name Formula A** в From To 350.15 329.35 Acetone Acetic acid CH60 14.3145 2756.22 C3H4O, 15.0717 3580.80 C3HIN 14.8950 3413. 10 13.7819 2726.8I -45.090 247.15 29.10 -48.500 297.15 415.15 23.70 391.05 354.15 377.15 280.15 Acetonitrile -22.627 246. 15 30.19 354.75 -55.578 -24.280 30.72 353.15 261.25 272.65 Benzene 279.15 190.15 21.30 iso-Butane n-Butane 13.8254 2181.79 -34.361 -90.411 200.15 310.15 298.15 292.15 22.44 CaHio 13.6608 2154.70 CHi00 15.3144 3212.43 C4Hi00 15.1989 3026.03 CHj00 14.6047 2740.95 CAHI00 14.8445 2658.29 411.15 393.15 43.29 390.75 372.65 380.95 I-Butanol 40.75 -86.650 -106.480 2-Butanol 401.15 374.15 41.82 Iso-Butanol tern-Butanol Carbon tetrachloride 303.15 --95.500 283.15 39.07 355.45 14.0572 2914.23 -41.002 29.82 349.75 259.15 302.15 374.15 C6HSCI 13.8635 3174.78 CAH9CI 13.7965 2723.73 CHCI, CH12 Chlorobenzene -61.450 432. 15 35.19 404.85 30.39 351.65 334.25 -54.885 256.15 250.15 1-Chlorobutane 352.15 -54.598 -52.532 357.15 378.15 29.24 29.97 Chloroform 13.7324 2548.74 282.15 353.85 Cyclohexane Cyclopentane n-Decane Dichloromethane 13.6568 2723.44 -38.640 -79.292 49.910 238.15 344.15 476.15 13.9727 2653.90 27.30 322.35 38.75 447.25 338.15 235.15 13.9748 3442.76 CH;Cl, 13.9891 2463.93 Cljo0 14.0735 2511.29 C4HO, 15.0967 3579.78 144,575 468046 C2H60 16.8958 3795.17 13.9726 3259.93 333.15 328.15 28.06 312.85 26.52 307.55 Diethyl ether 1,4-Dioxane 41.950 230.15 293.15 -32.813 -141.050 -42.232 378.15 652.15 34.16 374.45 57.49 38.56 616,75 351.35 n-Eicosane 481.15 Ethanol 276.15 369.15 306.15 373.15 35.57 50.73 -60.850 436.15 409.35 Ethylbenzene Ethylene glycol n-Heptane n-Hexane Methanol C3HO2 15.7567 4187.46 -94.500 495.15 470.45 13.8622 2910.26 -56.718 277.15 396.15 31.77 371.55 365.15 356.15 28.85 341.85 13.8193 2696.04 16.5785 3638.27 -48.833 254.15 CHẠ0 -33.650 262.15 35.21 337.85 CAH,O 14.2456 2662.78 14.1334 2838.24 CH,NO, 14.7513 3331.70 13.9854 3311.19 13.6703 2896.3! 30.32 31.30 33.99 -53.460 54.460 250.15 351.15 330.05 Methyl acetate Methyl ethyl ketone Nitromethane 265.15 329.15 376.15 352.75 419.15 451.15 374.35 -45.550 -70.456 36.91 423.95 372.35 n-Nonane 319.15 275.15 299.15 30,79 34,41 25.79 iso-Octane -52.383 398.15 13.9346 3123,13 13.7667 2451.88 --63.515 --41.136 425.15 398.75 309.15 -Octane 331.15 481.15 389.15 -Pentane CSH12 228.15 46.18 41.44 454.95 -97.750 -67.343 Phenol 14.4387 3507,80 353.15 16.1154 3483.67 293.15 370.35 1-Propanol 2-Propanol CHO 281.15 286.15 273.15 -53.540 373.15 39.85 355.35 16.6796 3640.20 13.9320 3056.96 409.15 473.15 445.15 33.18 з83.75 -55.525 -42.980 -61.109 Toluene Water H30 16.3872 3885.70 40.66 373.15 417.55 313.15 308.15 36.24 o-Xylene m-Xylene p-Xylene 14.0415 3358.79 14.1387 3381.8I 35.66 35.67 -57.030 439.15 412.25 14.0579 3331,45 -S8.523 308.15 439.15 411.45 Based primarily on data presented by B. E. Poling, J. M. Prausnitz and J. P O'Connell, The Properties of Gases and Liquids, Sth ed., App. A. MeGraw-Hill, New York, 2001. "Antoine parameters adapted from Gmehling et al. See footnote 2, p. 791. ** Antoine parameters A are adjusted to reproduce the listed values of T.
Transcribed Image Text:APPENDIX 1 In P/kPa- A - IB/(T/K + C)) Latent heat of vaporization at the normal boiling point (AH,) and normal boiling point (7,) Purameters for Antoine Equation Temperange Range AH. K kJ/mol K Name Formula A** в From To 350.15 329.35 Acetone Acetic acid CH60 14.3145 2756.22 C3H4O, 15.0717 3580.80 C3HIN 14.8950 3413. 10 13.7819 2726.8I -45.090 247.15 29.10 -48.500 297.15 415.15 23.70 391.05 354.15 377.15 280.15 Acetonitrile -22.627 246. 15 30.19 354.75 -55.578 -24.280 30.72 353.15 261.25 272.65 Benzene 279.15 190.15 21.30 iso-Butane n-Butane 13.8254 2181.79 -34.361 -90.411 200.15 310.15 298.15 292.15 22.44 CaHio 13.6608 2154.70 CHi00 15.3144 3212.43 C4Hi00 15.1989 3026.03 CHj00 14.6047 2740.95 CAHI00 14.8445 2658.29 411.15 393.15 43.29 390.75 372.65 380.95 I-Butanol 40.75 -86.650 -106.480 2-Butanol 401.15 374.15 41.82 Iso-Butanol tern-Butanol Carbon tetrachloride 303.15 --95.500 283.15 39.07 355.45 14.0572 2914.23 -41.002 29.82 349.75 259.15 302.15 374.15 C6HSCI 13.8635 3174.78 CAH9CI 13.7965 2723.73 CHCI, CH12 Chlorobenzene -61.450 432. 15 35.19 404.85 30.39 351.65 334.25 -54.885 256.15 250.15 1-Chlorobutane 352.15 -54.598 -52.532 357.15 378.15 29.24 29.97 Chloroform 13.7324 2548.74 282.15 353.85 Cyclohexane Cyclopentane n-Decane Dichloromethane 13.6568 2723.44 -38.640 -79.292 49.910 238.15 344.15 476.15 13.9727 2653.90 27.30 322.35 38.75 447.25 338.15 235.15 13.9748 3442.76 CH;Cl, 13.9891 2463.93 Cljo0 14.0735 2511.29 C4HO, 15.0967 3579.78 144,575 468046 C2H60 16.8958 3795.17 13.9726 3259.93 333.15 328.15 28.06 312.85 26.52 307.55 Diethyl ether 1,4-Dioxane 41.950 230.15 293.15 -32.813 -141.050 -42.232 378.15 652.15 34.16 374.45 57.49 38.56 616,75 351.35 n-Eicosane 481.15 Ethanol 276.15 369.15 306.15 373.15 35.57 50.73 -60.850 436.15 409.35 Ethylbenzene Ethylene glycol n-Heptane n-Hexane Methanol C3HO2 15.7567 4187.46 -94.500 495.15 470.45 13.8622 2910.26 -56.718 277.15 396.15 31.77 371.55 365.15 356.15 28.85 341.85 13.8193 2696.04 16.5785 3638.27 -48.833 254.15 CHẠ0 -33.650 262.15 35.21 337.85 CAH,O 14.2456 2662.78 14.1334 2838.24 CH,NO, 14.7513 3331.70 13.9854 3311.19 13.6703 2896.3! 30.32 31.30 33.99 -53.460 54.460 250.15 351.15 330.05 Methyl acetate Methyl ethyl ketone Nitromethane 265.15 329.15 376.15 352.75 419.15 451.15 374.35 -45.550 -70.456 36.91 423.95 372.35 n-Nonane 319.15 275.15 299.15 30,79 34,41 25.79 iso-Octane -52.383 398.15 13.9346 3123,13 13.7667 2451.88 --63.515 --41.136 425.15 398.75 309.15 -Octane 331.15 481.15 389.15 -Pentane CSH12 228.15 46.18 41.44 454.95 -97.750 -67.343 Phenol 14.4387 3507,80 353.15 16.1154 3483.67 293.15 370.35 1-Propanol 2-Propanol CHO 281.15 286.15 273.15 -53.540 373.15 39.85 355.35 16.6796 3640.20 13.9320 3056.96 409.15 473.15 445.15 33.18 з83.75 -55.525 -42.980 -61.109 Toluene Water H30 16.3872 3885.70 40.66 373.15 417.55 313.15 308.15 36.24 o-Xylene m-Xylene p-Xylene 14.0415 3358.79 14.1387 3381.8I 35.66 35.67 -57.030 439.15 412.25 14.0579 3331,45 -S8.523 308.15 439.15 411.45 Based primarily on data presented by B. E. Poling, J. M. Prausnitz and J. P O'Connell, The Properties of Gases and Liquids, Sth ed., App. A. MeGraw-Hill, New York, 2001. "Antoine parameters adapted from Gmehling et al. See footnote 2, p. 791. ** Antoine parameters A are adjusted to reproduce the listed values of T.
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