As part of the process of photosynthesis, acidification of the thylakoid lumen occurs. The acidification is caused by: O a. a combination of the respiratory and photosynthetic electron transport chains O b. the water-splitting reaction and proton (H+) pumping by the photosynthetic electron transport chain Oc. NADPH oxidation by the photosynthetic electron transport chain d. the combination of chloroplast ATP synthase activity and H+-ATPase activity in the thylakoids e. the oxidation of NADH by the citric acid cycle, followed by ATP synthase activity

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Dissection

Dissection is the process of cutting up the tissue of a dead or live animal or plant, to do anatomical studies and surgical treatments. The purpose of dissection is to learn more about the overall structure of organs and organ systems and thereby understand the physiology of the organism.