APPENDIX 1. A-instruction specification Symbolic syntax: @value Binary syntax: Ovalue
Control structures
Control structures are block of statements that analyze the value of variables and determine the flow of execution based on those values. When a program is running, the CPU executes the code line by line. After sometime, the program reaches the point where it has to make a decision on whether it has to go to another part of the code or repeat execution of certain part of the code. These results affect the flow of the program's code and these are called control structures.
Switch Statement
The switch statement is a key feature that is used by the programmers a lot in the world of programming and coding, as well as in information technology in general. The switch statement is a selection control mechanism that allows the variable value to change the order of the individual statements in the software execution via search.
![APPENDIX
1. A-instruction specification
Symbolic syntax:
@value
Binary syntax:
Ovalue
2. C-instruction specification
Symbolic syntax:
Binary syntax:
0
1
-1
D
A
!D
!A
-D
-A
D+1
A+1
D-1
A-1
D+A
D-A
A-D
D&A
DIA
a==0
comp
M
opcode
!M
-M
M+1
M-1
D+M
D-M
M-D
D&M
DIM
a==1
dest= comp; jump
1 1 1 a c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 d1 d2 d3 j1 j2 j3
0
1
c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6
1 0
1 0
1
1 1
1
1
1
1 1
1
0
1
0
1
الا
not used
0 0
0 1
0 0
0 0
0 1
1
0
0 0 1
1 1 0
0 0
1
1
1 1 0 0
0 1
1
1
1 1
0
1
0 0 1
1 1 0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
0
1 0
1
0
0
1 0
1
1
1
0
1
comp bits
dest bits
jump bits
dest d1 d2 d3 effect: the value is stored in:
The value is not stored
RAM [A]
Dregister
RAM [A] and D register
A register
A register and RAM[A]
A register and D register
A register, RAM[A], and D register
null
M
D
MD
A
AM
AD
AMD
0 0
0 0
0
1
01
0 1 1
1
10
1 1
1 1
1
0
1
jump j1 j2 j3 effect:
null
JGT
JEQ
0 0
0 0
01
0 1
1 0
1 0
JGE
JLT
JNE
JLE
1
1 1
JMP
eno jump
1
1
1
1 0
if out >> jump
if out = 0 jump
if out 20 jump
if out <0 jump
if out
jump
if out se jump
1 Unconditional jump](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F87351664-192b-44e9-8681-fefec31a9dea%2F363c453f-a803-459d-a855-f693f084a537%2Foi53t3c_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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