ant to examine competition in macles. Ine two species and iber of species at the low and high water marks (many barnacles live in tidal areas). You get the following results: High water 13 Low water Species A Species B 63 21 54 (a) Are the two species of barnacle independent of water level? (b) Which species prefers low water? Which prefers high water? (You need to calculate some proportions to answer this question).

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Types of Bias

Statistics is the study of data collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation. Statistical bias is a characteristic of a statistical technique or its findings in which the expected value deviates from the actual root quantitative parameter being estimated. According to the actual definition of bias, it refers to the tendency of a statistic to overestimate or underestimate a parameter.