1 Introduction To Chemistry 2 Atoms And Molecules 3 Molecules, Moles, And Chemical Equations 4 Stoichiometry 5 Gases 6 The Periodic Table And Atomic Structure 7 Chemical Bonding And Molecular Structure 8 Molecules And Materials 9 Energy And Chemistry 10 Entropy And The Second Law Of Thermodynamics 11 Chemical Kinetics 12 Chemical Equilibrium 13 Electrochemistry 14 Nuclear Chemistry Chapter4: Stoichiometry
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1CO: Describe the chemical composition of gasoline. Problem 2CO: Write balanced chemical equations for the combustion of fuels. Problem 3CO Problem 4CO: Calculate the amounts of reactants needed in a chemical reaction to produce a specified amount of... Problem 5CO Problem 6CO Problem 7CO Problem 4.1PAE: 4.1 List at least two factors that make it difficult to describe the combustion of gasoline... Problem 4.2PAE: 4.2 What is an alkane? Problem 4.3PAE: 4.3 Explain the difference between complete and incomplete combustion. Problem 4.4PAE: 4.4 Automobile exhaust often contains traces of formaldehyde (CH2O), which is another possible... Problem 4.5PAE: 4.5 Methane, ethane, and propane are also hydrocarbons, but they are not major components of... Problem 4.6PAE: 4.6 Use the web to research prices of gasoline at the pump for consumers in your area during the... Problem 4.7PAE: For the following reactions, write the ratios that can be established among molar amounts of the... Problem 4.8PAE: 4.8 In an experiment carried out at very low pressure, 13x1015 molecules of H2 are reacted with... Problem 4.9PAE: 4.9 Sulfur, S8, combines with oxygen at elevated temperatures to form sulfur dioxide. (a) Write a... Problem 4.10PAE: 4.10 How many moles of oxygen can be obtained by the decomposition of 7.5 mol of reactant in each of... Problem 4.11PAE: 4.11 MTBE, C5H12O, is one of the additives that replaced tetraethyl-lead in gasoline. (See Example... Problem 4.12PAE: 4.12 In petroleum refining, hydrocarbons are often manipulated by reacting them with H2(g). If... Problem 4.13PAE: 4.13 For the following reactions, determine the value of x. 4C+S84CS2 mol S8 yields x mol CS2... Problem 4.14PAE: 4.14 The combustion of liquid chloroethylene, C2H3Cl, yields carbon dioxide, steam, and hydrogen... Problem 4.15PAE: 4.15 What mass of the unknown compound is formed in the following reactions? (Assume that reactants... Problem 4.16PAE: 4.16 Many metals react with halogens to give metal halides. For example, iron reacts with chlorine... Problem 4.17PAE: 4.17 Phosgene is a highly toxic gas that has been used as a chemical weapon at times in the past. It... Problem 4.18PAE Problem 4.19PAE: 4.19 How many metric tons of carbon are required to react with 7.83 metric tons of Fe2O3 according... Problem 4.20PAE: 4.20 Assuming a charcoal briquette is composed entirely of carbon, what mass of oxygen is needed to... Problem 4.21PAE: 4.21 Ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, will decompose explosively to form N2, O2, and H2O, a fact that has... Problem 4.22PAE: If 3.4 mol Al and 6.2 mol Fe2O3 are mixed, what is the limiting reactant? 2Al+ Fe 2 O 3 A1 2 O 3... Problem 4.23PAE: If 8.4 moles of disilane, Si2H6, is combined with 15.1 moles of O2, which is the limiting reactant?... Problem 4.24PAE: 4.22 Generally, an excess of O2 is needed for the reaction Sn+O2SnO2 . What is the minimum number of... Problem 4.25PAE: 4.23 In the reaction of arsenic with bromine, AsBr5 will form only when excess bromine is present.... Problem 4.26PAE: 4.24 Ammonia gas can be prepared by the reaction CaO(s)+2NH4Cl(s)2NH3(g)+H2O(g)+CaCl2(s) If 112 g of... Problem 4.27PAE: 4.25 When octane is combusted with inadequate oxygen, carbon monoxide may form. If 100 g of octane... Problem 4.28PAE: 4.26 The equation for one of the reactions in the process of turning iron ore into the metal is... Problem 4.29PAE: 4.27 Copper reacts with sulfuric acid according to the following equation: 2H2SO4+CuCuSO4+2H2O+SO2... Problem 4.30PAE: 4.28 One of the steps in the manufacture of nitric acid is the oxidation of ammonia shown in this... Problem 4.31PAE: 4.29 When Al(OH)3 reacts with sulfuric acid, the following reaction occurs: 2Al(OH)3+3H2SO4Al2(... Problem 4.32PAE: 4.30 Copper reacts with nitric acid via the following equation: 3Cu(s)+8HNO3(aq)3Cu(... Problem 4.33PAE: 4.31 How much HNO3 can be formed in the following reaction if 3.6 kg of NO2 gas is bubbled through... Problem 4.34PAE: 4.32 Hydrogen and oxygen are reacted and the water formed is collected at 25°C, where it has a... Problem 4.35PAE: 4.33 Silicon carbide, an abrasive, is made by the reaction of silicon dioxide with graphite (solid... Problem 4.36PAE Problem 4.37PAE Problem 4.38PAE: 4.36 Sometimes students in chemistry labs determine percentage yields greater than 100%. Assuming... Problem 4.39PAE: 4.37 The theoretical yield and the actual yield for various reactions are given below. Determine the... Problem 4.40PAE: 4.38 A reaction that produced 4.8 mg of taxol, an anticancer drug, is reported to have a yield of... Problem 4.41PAE: Methanol, CH3OH, is used in racing cars because it is a clean-burning fuel. It can be made by this... Problem 4.42PAE: 4.40 When iron and steam react at high temperatures, the following reaction takes place:... Problem 4.43PAE: 4.41 The percentage yield of the following reaction is consistently 87%. CH4(g)+4S(g)CS2(g)+2H2S(g)... Problem 4.44PAE: 4.42 Sulfur hexafluoride is a very stable gas useful ¡n electrical generators and switches. It is... Problem 4.45PAE: 4.43 Magnesium nitride forms in a side reaction when magnesium metal burns in air. This reaction may... Problem 4.46PAE: 4.44 Industrial production of hydrogen gas uses the reaction shown below. If 1.00 metric ton of... Problem 4.47PAE: 4.45 If 21 g of H2S is mixed with 38 g of O2 and 31 g of SO2 forms, what is the percentage yield?... Problem 4.48PAE: 4.46 A mixture of 10.0 g of NO and 14.0 g of NO2 result in the production of 8.52 g of N2O3. What is... Problem 4.49PAE: 4.47 Silicon carbide is, an abrasive used in the manufacture of grinding wheels. A company is... Problem 4.50PAE: 4.48 Elemental phosphorous is used in the semiconductor industry. It can be obtained from an ore... Problem 4.51PAE: 4.49 Small quantities of hydrogen gas can be prepared by the following reaction:... Problem 4.52PAE Problem 4.53PAE: 4.51 What is the role of an indicator in a titration? Problem 4.54PAE: 4.52 What volume of 0.812 M HCl, in milliliters, is required to titrate 1.45 g of NaOH to the... Problem 4.55PAE Problem 4.56PAE Problem 4.57PAE: Hydrazine, N2H4, is a weak base and can react with an acid such as sulfuric acid:... Problem 4.58PAE Problem 4.59PAE Problem 4.60PAE Problem 4.61PAE: 4.59 Aluminum dissolves in HCI according to the equation written below, whereas copper does not... Problem 4.62PAE: 4.60 Why are fuel additives used? Problem 4.63PAE: 4.61 What is actually measured by the octane ratings of different grades of gasoline? Problem 4.64PAE Problem 4.65PAE Problem 4.66PAE: 4.64 Using the web, find information about the amount of lead in the environment during the past 50... Problem 4.67PAE: 4.65 Using the web, find out how lead “poisons” the catalyst in a catalytic converter. Problem 4.68PAE Problem 4.69PAE: You have 0.954 g of an unknown acid, H2A, which reacts with NaOH according to the balanced equation... Problem 4.70PAE Problem 4.71PAE: 4.79 Phosphoric add (H3PO4) is important in the production of both fertilizers and detergents. It is... Problem 4.72PAE: 4.80 The reaction shown below is used to destroy Freon-12 (CF2Cl2), preventing its release into the... Problem 4.73PAE Problem 4.74PAE: One way of determining blood alcohol levels is by performing a titration on a sample of blood. In... Problem 4.75PAE Problem 4.76PAE: The pictures below show a molecular-scale view of a chemical reaction between the compounds AB2 and... Problem 4.77PAE: The pictures below show a molecular-scale view of a chemical reaction between H2 and CO to produce... Problem 4.78PAE: 4.84 Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) is used as a catalyst in the production of polyisobutylene, which is... Problem 4.79PAE: 4.85 In the cold vulcanization of rubber, disulfur dichloride (S2Cl2) is used as a source of sulfur... Problem 4.80PAE Problem 4.81PAE Problem 4.82PAE: 4.88 A quality control technician needs to determine the percentage of arsenic (As) in a particular... Problem 4.83PAE Problem 4.84PAE: 4.90 Iron metal can be refined (rom the mineral hematite (Fe2O3). One way of converting the mineral... Problem 4.85PAE Problem 4.86PAE Problem 4.87PAE: 4.93 A mixture of methane (CH4) and propane (C3H8) has a total mass of 29.84 g. When the mixture is... Problem 4.88PAE Problem 4.89PAE Problem 4.90PAE Problem 4.91PAE Problem 4.92PAE Problem 4.93PAE Problem 4.94PAE Problem 4.95PAE Problem 4.96PAE Problem 4.97PAE Problem 4.98PAE: 4.104 When 2.750 g of the oxide Pb3O4 is heated to a high temperature, it decomposes to produce... Problem 4.99PAE Problem 4.100PAE: 4.106 An ore sample with a mass of 670 kg contains 27.7% magnesium carbonate, MgCO3. If all of the... Problem 4.101PAE: 4.107 Existing stockpiles of the refrigerant Freon-12, CF2Cl2 must be destroyed under the terms of... Problem 4.102PAE: 4.108 Elemental analysis is sometimes carried out by combustion of the sample. For a hydrocarbon,... Problem 4.103PAE Problem 4.104PAE: 4.110 Write the balanced chemical equation lot the combustion of ethane, C2H6, and answer these... Problem 4.105PAE: 4.111 Aluminum metal reacts with sulfuric acid to form hydrogen gas and aluminum sulfate (a) Write a... Problem 4.106PAE: 4.112 A metallurgical firm wishes to dispose of 1300 gallons of waste sulfuric acid whose molarity... Problem 4.77PAE: The pictures below show a molecular-scale view of a chemical reaction between H2 and CO to produce...
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Answer true or false.
(c) To convert from grams to moles and vice versa, use Avogadro’s number as a conversion factor.
(f) Suppose a chemical reaction between A and B requires 1 mol of A and 2 mol of B. If 1 mol of each is present, then B is the limiting reagent.
Definition Definition Number of atoms/molecules present in one mole of any substance. Avogadro's number is a constant. Its value is 6.02214076 × 10 23 per mole.
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