# Exercise B: Peptide Bond FormationFigure 2 shows two individual amino acids, and then those same two amino acids after they have been linked together by a **peptide bond** to form a dipeptide. Addition of more amino acids linked by peptide bonds would form a **polypeptide**, the precursor to a functional protein.![Chemical Reaction](https://example.com/fig2.png)**Figure 2.** Formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids.### Answer the below questions in your own document.1. **Which two amino acids are shown on the left side of Figure 2?** Use the Figure 3.2 from your text to answer this.2. **To which chemical groups do these amino acids belong?**3. **Were you able to identify their chemical characteristics based on your rules?** If not, you should go back and revise your rules!On the dipeptide shown in Figure 2, **label the peptide bond** that was formed when the two individual amino acids were joined. **Label the free amino and carboxyl groups** at the ends of this dipeptide (not in the R groups). These are often referred to as the **N-terminus** (amino-terminus) and the **C-terminus** (carboxyl-terminus) of a peptide or polypeptide. (Note: “peptide” refers to a chain of a small number of amino acids, whereas “polypeptide” refers to a longer chain, potentially that corresponding to an entire protein.) **Instructions for Amino Acid Structure Analysis**1. **Identify the α-Carbon** - On the amino acid shown in Figure 1, label the α-carbon.2. **Label Groups Attached to the α-Carbon** - The α-carbon of each of the 20 amino acids is bonded to: - One hydrogen atom - One amino group - One carboxyl group - One R group (varies among amino acids) - You should be familiar with recognizing the amino and carboxyl groups from the discussion of functional groups in organic molecules. Circle and label the amino group and the carboxyl group in Figure 1. *Note: The goal is to identify specific structures. You can circle/label in any format you prefer—drawing by hand or using software like PowerPoint or Photoshop.*3. **Identify the R Group** - The last bond on the α-carbon is to an R group, or side-chain. Circle and label the R group in Figure 1.4. **Understanding Amino Acid Variability** - Using the three groups identified in Figure 1 as a reference, determine what is unique about each of the 20 amino acids.5. **Categorizing Amino Acids** - Review the structures of all 20 amino acids as shown in Figure 3.2 on page 81 of your textbook. They are categorized into four chemical groups: nonpolar, uncharged polar, acidic, and basic. - Compare amino acids in each of these groups to others and identify rules that describe what the members of each group have in common. Record your rules in a table similar to the one shown below.**Chemical Group Classification Table**| Chemical Group | Rules Describing Membership in this Group ||----------------|-------------------------------------------|| | || | || | || | |**Diagram Explanation:**- The worksheet provides instructions to label specific parts of an amino acid in a diagram (Figure 1). It refers to another figure (Figure 3.2) for the chemical structures of amino acids, categorized into four groups. The task involves identifying and tabulating distinguishing features of these groups.

Answer the below questions in your own document. 1. Which two amino acids are shown on the left side of Figure 2? Use the Figure 3.2 from your text to answer this. 2. To which chemical groups do these amino acids belong? 3. Were you able to identify their chemical characteristics based on your rules? If not, you should go back and revise your rules! On the dipeptide shown in Figure 2, label the peptide bond that was formed when the two individual amino acids were joined. Label the free amino and carboxyl groups at the ends of this dipeptide (not in the R groups). These are often referred to as the N- terminus (amino-terminus) and the C-terminus (carboxyl-terminus) of a peptide or polypeptide. (Note: “peptide" refers to a chain of a small number of amino acids, whereas "polypeptide" refers to a longer chain, potentially that corresponding to an entire protein.)

Answer the below questions in your own document. 1. Which two amino acids are shown on the left side of Figure 2? Use the Figure 3.2 from your text to answer this. 2. To which chemical groups do these amino acids belong? 3. Were you able to identify their chemical characteristics based on your rules? If not, you should go back and revise your rules! On the dipeptide shown in Figure 2, label the peptide bond that was formed when the two individual amino acids were joined. Label the free amino and carboxyl groups at the ends of this dipeptide (not in the R groups). These are often referred to as the N- terminus (amino-terminus) and the C-terminus (carboxyl-terminus) of a peptide or polypeptide. (Note: “peptide" refers to a chain of a small number of amino acids, whereas "polypeptide" refers to a longer chain, potentially that corresponding to an entire protein.)

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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