Anna Fisher and colleagues (Fisher et al., 2014) predicted that kindergarten students should learn better in undecorated classrooms compared to decorated classrooms, because students should be less distracted in sparse classrooms without distractions such as posters, maps, children's artwork, etc. They had a group of 12 kindergarten age children participate in a science lesson in a classroom without decorations and a classroom with decorations. The students took a test on the material immediately after each lesson (scores range from 0 to 20). Below are the number of correct responses on both tests for each child. Do kindergarteners learn better in an undecorated compared to a decorated environment? Undecorated (X1) 19 15 14 19 17 Decorated Subject (X2) 17 1. State the null and alternative 14 hypotheses using the appropriate 16 symbols. State whether the test is one- 15 15 or two-tailed 18 2. State the degrees of freedom and 13 14 7. 8. identify the critical value(s) at an alpha 18 15 16 = 0.05. %3D 6. 10 16 18 3. Compute the appropriate test 20 19 18 15 11 12 statistic. Show all formulas and work and circle your calculated test statistic. 12 MEAN 16 15.08 1.68 17.33 Use the computational formula to St. Dev 1.92 compute the SS and S2/S. 23456
Addition Rule of Probability
It simply refers to the likelihood of an event taking place whenever the occurrence of an event is uncertain. The probability of a single event can be calculated by dividing the number of successful trials of that event by the total number of trials.
Expected Value
When a large number of trials are performed for any random variable ‘X’, the predicted result is most likely the mean of all the outcomes for the random variable and it is known as expected value also known as expectation. The expected value, also known as the expectation, is denoted by: E(X).
Probability Distributions
Understanding probability is necessary to know the probability distributions. In statistics, probability is how the uncertainty of an event is measured. This event can be anything. The most common examples include tossing a coin, rolling a die, or choosing a card. Each of these events has multiple possibilities. Every such possibility is measured with the help of probability. To be more precise, the probability is used for calculating the occurrence of events that may or may not happen. Probability does not give sure results. Unless the probability of any event is 1, the different outcomes may or may not happen in real life, regardless of how less or how more their probability is.
Basic Probability
The simple definition of probability it is a chance of the occurrence of an event. It is defined in numerical form and the probability value is between 0 to 1. The probability value 0 indicates that there is no chance of that event occurring and the probability value 1 indicates that the event will occur. Sum of the probability value must be 1. The probability value is never a negative number. If it happens, then recheck the calculation.
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