An observer fails to check the bubble, and it is off two divisions on a 500-ft sight. What error in elevation difference results with a 10-sec bubble?

Q: 3) Describe the effects of the following malconstructions of the theodolite/total station, including…

A: i) Eccentricity of instrument centersTheodolites and Total stations are the instruments that should…

Q: Why is it advisable to set up a level with all three tripod legs on, or in, the same material…

A: It helps in settlement to be consistent in the material as well as provide the firm surface so that…

Q: Three basic requirements determine an angle: (1) reference or starting line, (2) direction of…

A: Three basic requirements determine an angle: (1) reference or starting line, (2) direction of…

Q: What error results on a 20-m sight with a level if the rod reading is 1.7060 m but the top of the…

A: Reading at the rod: R=1.7060 m Length of the rod: L=4 m Offset due to error: =0.3 m   Concept: Error…

Q: A stadia measurement was undertaken with a theodolite having an internal focusing telescope and…

A: The theodolite is used to measure the angle of the point where the distance is to long and the point…

Q: A stadia measurement was undertaken with a theodolite having an internal focusing telescope and…

A: Tachometry is employed to live the lengths of the shortcuts, to test the recorded distances more…

Q: A flagpole appears in two successive photographs taken at an altitude of 2,000 m above datum. The…

A: Given that :- Focal length of the camera = f = 120 mm length of the air base = B  = 200 m Parallax…

Q: This type of error occurs when you use a level that is not calibrated and the bubble level is not on…

A: Levelling instrument is used in surveying to get a horizontal plane with respect to the level…

Q: The two-peg test is used to determine if the line of sight of the telescope is parallel to the axis…

A: ROD READING INSTRUMENT AT POSITION 1 INSTRUMENT AT POSITION 2 A 1.969 m 1.554 B 2.161m 1.728

Q: The backsight taken from BM#1 to BM#2 were 1.667 m, 0.579 m, and 2.234 m, the foresight readings…

A:

Q: Describe the procedure for properly focusing an optical plummet.

A: A total station's optical plummet is utilised for precise centering over a station. For locating the…

Q: What error results on a 200-ft sight with a level if the rod reading is 11.307 ft but the top of the…

A:

Q: The EDM slope distance between two points is 2,183.71 ft, and the vertical angle is 2º4530 (the…

A:

Q: Please help with b, i & ii The slope distance between two stations A and B measured with EDM when…

A: The  slope distance between two stations A and B = 113.893 mHeight of the instrument above the…

Errors in surveying

An error in surveying is defined as the difference between two or more values of an identical quantity. However, the estimates are never accurate and there will always be a degree of variability regardless of the research tool or method used. These differences are known as errors that need to be reduced or eliminated to maintain certain levels of accuracy. Even if you carefully follow the prescribed test procedures, the considerations may contain errors.