Find the value of the test statistic and find the 5% critical value An observational study of Alzheimer's disease (AD) obtained data from 13 AD patients exhibitingmoderate dementia and selected a group of 10 control individuals without AD. AD is a progressiveneurodegenerative disease of the elderly and advancing age is known to be a primary risk factor in ADdiagnosis. Therefore, it was crucial for the study's credibility to examine whether the ages in the ADgroup might be significantly different than in the control group. The ages of the subjects in years aresummarized in the R Output below.VariablenAlzheimers 13Control10Mean79.9268.25sd6.8912.93Minimum77.0054.00Q1 Median Q379.25 87.00 92.2556.00 65.00 82.00Maximum93.0089.00We want to test if the average age in the Alzheimer's group is significantly different than the controlgroup.

Hypotheses: H0:μ1=μ2H1:μ1≠μ2 The null hypothesis states that there is no difference in mean age in…

Answered: An observational study of Alzheimer's…

Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897, 0079039898, 2018

18th Edition

ISBN:9780079039897

Author:Carter

Publisher:Carter

Chapter4: Equations Of Linear Functions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8SGR

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What is an experiment?
A case−control study was performed among 145 subjects with macular degeneration and 34 controls, all of whom were 70- to 79-year-old women. A genetic risk score was developed to help differentiate the cases from the controls. The risk score was categorized into six groups (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), with 6 being the highest risk and 1 being the lowest risk.The data in Table 10.48 were obtained relating the risk score to case/control status. taBlE 10.48 risk score cases controls 1 3 11 2 7 3 3 6 6 4 10 8 5 11 2 6 108 4 total 145 34 10.139 What test can be performed to study the asso- ciation between case/control status and risk score? Spe- cifically, we are interested in testing whether cases tend to have consistently higher risk scores or consistently lower risk scores than controls.
A journal reported a study examining the possible impact of air pollution on the weight of babies. Researchers found that 9% of 174 babies bom to mothers who were exposed to heavy doses of air pollution in a city were classified as having low birthweight. Only 5% of 2300 babies bom in another hospital in the city whose mothers had not been exposed to air pollution were similarly classified. Does this indicate a possibility that air pollution might be linked to a significantly higher proportion of low-weight babies? a) Test an appropriate hypothesis at a = 0.10 and state your condlusion. b) If you concluded there is a difference, estimate that difference with a confidence interval and interpret that interval in context. Identify the test statistic. (Round to two decimal places as needed.) Identify the P-value from the output of the hypothesis test. (Round to three decimal places as needed.) State the conclusion. Ho. There V sufficient evidence at the a = 0.10 level of significance to…
The Framingham Heart Study was a longitudinal cohort study of 5000+ men and women. One outcome of interest was fasting glucose levels. Glucose levels were categorized into three different categories: Glucose Levels -Diabetes (glucose > 126), -Impaired Fasting Glucose (glucose 100-125), -Normal Glucose Several possible risk factors were also recorded: Risk Factors -Sex -Age -BMI (normal weight, overweight, obese) -Genetics To determine if each possible risk factor is related to glucose levels, researchers need to use an appropriate hypothesis test. Use Table 7-50 on page 161 of the textbook to select the correct test from the gray box above. What test would be used to assess whether the different sexes (male and female) have the same proportions of the different glucose levels? What test would be used to assess whether the different glucose levels have the same mean age? What test would be used to assess whether the different categories of BMI…
1) Soda consumption is very common in the U.S. For the purposes of this question, assume that 30% of the population consumes the equivalent of 3 or more 12 oz. sodas per week (this is the prevalence of the exposure). A large multi-center cohort study was conducted to evaluate the association between soda consumption and risk of diabetes. At baseline, participants were asked about their typical soda consumption, and individuals who reported consuming 3 or more sodas per week were considered exposed. Participants were followed for 10 years, and the following results were obtained: Incident Cases of Diabetes 356 236 Person-Years Contributed 3+ sodas a week 375234 <3 sodas a week 399763 a) Name the appropriate measure of association corresponding to the excess rate of diabetes attributable to soda consumption among subjects who consume 3+ sodas per week. Calculate this measure (shown as a rate, using the correct units), and provide a brief interpretation of your answer b) Calculate the…
A researcher was interested in knowing the relationship between asthma and mental illness among Veterans. As such, she surveyed a group of 15,000 Veterans On May 2024 to evaluate how many of them reported both mental illness as well as asthma. What type of study is it: prosepctive cohort study case-control study cross-sectional study retrospective cohort study
An epidemiologist found five cases of “big toe cancer” in the Yukon Territory. Because there were only a few cases, the epidemiologist decided to conduct a matched case-control study to determine whether shoe size larger than 9 is a risk factor for big toe cancer. Cases were individually matched to one control for daily activity, history of athlete’s foot, and history of ingrown toenails. The following data were gathered: Shoe size > 9 Pair Case Control 1 Yes No 2 No No 3 No Yes 4 Yes Yes 5 No Yes Compute the proper measure of association. Interpret your results. If you were to investigate a rare cancer in Lynchburg, where might you look for data? What would be necessary legally and ethically to be able to utilize this data set(s)? Submit your thread by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Thursday of Module/Week 3, and submit your replies by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Sunday of the same module/week. 1
As part of a long-term study of individuals 65 years of age or older, sociologists and physicians at the Wentworth Medical Center in upstate New York investigated the relationship between geographic location and depression. A sample of 60 individuals, all in reasonably good health, was selected; 20 individuals were residents of Florida, 20 were residents of New York, and 20 were residents of North Carolina. Each of the individuals sampled was given a standardized test to measure depression. Higher test scores indicate higher levels of depression. A second part of the study considered the relationship between geographic location and depression for individuals 65 years of age or older who had a chronic health condition such as arthritis, hypertension, and/or heart ailment. A sample of 60 individuals with such conditions was identified. Again, 20 were residents of Florida, 20 were residents of New York, and 20 were residents of North Carolina. Prepare a managerial report that summarizes…
Computer-mediated communication (CMC) is a form of interaction that heavily involves technology (e.g., instant messaging, email). A study was conducted to compare relational intimacy in people interacting via CMC to people meeting face-to-face (FTF).Participants were 48 undergraduate students, of which half were randomly assigned to the CMC group and half assigned to the FTF group. The variable of interest, relational intimacy score, was measured (on a 7-point scale) for each participant after each of three different meeting sessions. Summary statistics for the first meeting session are given here. The researchers hypothesized that, after the first meeting, the mean relational intimacy score for participants in the CMC group would be lower than the mean relational intimacy score for participants in the FTF group. Test the researchers’ hypothesis using α = .10. CMC FTF…
Computer-mediated communication (CMC) is a form of interaction that heavily involves technology (e.g., instant messaging, email). A study was conducted to compare relational intimacy in people interacting via CMC to people meeting face-to-face (FTF). Participants were 48 undergraduate students, of which half were randomly assigned to the CMC group and half assigned to the FTF group. The variable of interest, relational intimacy score, was measured (on a 7-point scale) for each participant after each of three different meeting sessions. Summary statistics for the first meeting session are given here. The researchers hypothesized that, after the first meeting, the mean relational intimacy score for participants in the CMC group would be lower than the mean relational intimacy score for participants in the FTF group. Test the researchers’ hypothesis using α = .10. CMC FTF Number…
Computer-mediated communication (CMC) is a form of interaction that heavily involves technology (e.g., instant messaging, email). A study was conducted to compare relational intimacy in people interacting via CMC to people meeting face-to-face (FTF). Participants were 48 undergraduate students, of which half were randomly assigned to the CMC group and half assigned to the FTF group. The variable of interest, relational intimacy score, was measured (on a 7-point scale) for each participant after each of three different meeting sessions. Summary statistics for the first meeting session are given here. The researchers hypothesized that, after the first meeting, the mean relational intimacy score for participants in the CMC group would be lower than the mean relational intimacy score for participants in the FTF group. Test the researchers’ hypothesis using α = .10. CMC FTF Number…
Of all sports, football accounts for the highest incidence of concussion in the United States due to the large number of athletes participating and the nature of the sport. While there is general agreement that concussion incidence can be reduced by making rule changes and teaching proper tackling technique, there remains debate as to whether helmet design may also reduce the incidence of concussion. Rowson et al. (2014) report on a retrospective analysis of head impact data collected between 2005 and 2010 from eight collegiate football teams. Concussion rates for players wearing two types of helmets, Riddell VSR4 and Riddell Revolution, were compared. A total of 1,281,444 head impacts were recorded, from which 64 concussions were diagnosed. The relative risk of sustaining a concussion in a Revolution helmet compared with a VSR4 helmet was 46.1%. This study illustrates that differences in the ability to reduce concussion risk exist between helmet models in football. Although helmet…

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