An inverted U-tube of the form shown in Fig. 2.18 is used to measure the pressure difference between two points A and B in an inclined pipeline through which water (density1000 kg/m³) is flowing. The difference of level h = 0.3 m, a = 0.25 m and b = 0.15 m. Calculate the pressure difference PB - PA if the top of the manometer is filled with (a) air, (b) oil of relative density 0.8. Fluid, density Pman Liquid, density p Figure 2.18 Inverted U-tube manometer

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A: Specific weight of fluid in manometer, γm=112lbft3The pressure drop between two taps, δP =0.7lbin2

Unit Conversion

Standard units are also called SI units. SI units are used for measuring a physical quantity satisfying certain conditions. There are two types of units: fundamental units and derived units. Fundamental units are physical quantities that are independent, that is, they do not depend on other quantities like mass, length, or time. There are plenty of quantities in our lives which need to be measured and compared. Measuring is the comparison of a particular physical quantity with its reference value. A unit is a measure of a fixed physical quantity. A physical quantity is the product of a unit and the numerical value we need to compare with.