An intermediate shaft is running at constant speed as shown in Figure 3. The shaft to be made from AISI1040 cold rolled. The shaft is subjected to torque which is fluctuates from Taas to 0.5 Tmax torque in phase with a steady bending. The reliability is 90% and stress concentration factor Kt 1.5 for bending and Ky-2 for torsion for 3 mm fillet radius. a. Use modified Goodman theory to determine the minimum shaft diameter required to obtain the fatigue factor of safety of 2.5 b. Calculate Langer first -cycle-yielding factor of safety F.- 6 KN R75 mm 150 mm RS0 mm 350 mm F;# 9 kN 250 mm

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Combined Loading

Any functioning component, such as machine parts, structural members, pressure vessels, and so on, are all under the influence of more than one force. When anybody is under the influence of more than one force such as shear forces, bending moments, axial forces, torsion, and so on, then such body is said to be under combined loading. A very practical example of combined loading is the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine (IC engine). The crankshaft of the IC engine is under high rpm, which is caused due to the torsional forces. Due to the presence of piston, counterbalances, and internal imbalances, the crankshaft experiences lateral forces and due to the rise in temperature, the crankshaft undergoes thermal expansion, which pulls the crankshaft along the axial direction and lateral direction. The presence of unbalanced loads along the periphery of the crankshaft also induces a bending moment.