1 The Nature Of Light 2 Geometric Optics And Image Formation 3 Interference 4 Diffraction 5 Relativity 6 Photons And Matter Waves 7 Quantum Mechanics 8 Atomic Structure 9 Condensed Matter Physics 10 Nuclear Physics 11 Particle Physics And Cosmology Chapter4: Diffraction
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 4.1CYU: Check Your Understanding Suppose the slit width in Example 4.1 is increased to 1.8106 m. What are... Problem 4.2CYU: Check Your Understanding For the experiment in Example 4.2, at what angle from the center is the... Problem 4.3CYU: Check Your Understanding For the experiment in Example 4.4, show that m=20 is also a missing order. Problem 4.4CYU: Check Your Understanding If the line spacing of a diffraction grating d is not precisely known, we... Problem 4.5CYU: Check Your Understanding What is the angular resolution of the Arecibo telescope shown in Figure... Problem 4.6CYU: Check Your Understanding For the experiment described in Example 4.7, what are the two other angles... Problem 1CQ: As the width of the slit producing a single-slit diffraction pattern is reduced, how will the... Problem 2CQ: Compare interference and diffraction. Problem 3CQ: If you and a friend are on opposite sides of a hill, you can communicate with walkie-talkies but not... Problem 4CQ: What happens to the diffraction pattern of a single slit when the entire optical apparatus is... Problem 5CQ: In our study of diffraction by a single slit, we assume that the length of the slit is much larger... Problem 6CQ: A rectangular slit is twice as wide as it is high. Is the central diffraction peak wider in the... Problem 7CQ: In Equation 4.4, the parameter looks like an angle but is not an angle that you can measure with a... Problem 8CQ: Shown below is the central part of the interference pattern for a pure wavelength of red light... Problem 9CQ: Is higher resolution obtained in a microscope with red or blue light? Explain your answer. Problem 10CQ: The resolving power of refracting telescope increases with the size of its objective lens. What... Problem 11CQ: The distance between atoms in a molecule is about 10-8 cm . Can visible light be used to “see”... Problem 12CQ: A beam of light always spreads out. Why can a beam not be created with parallel rays to prevent... Problem 13CQ: Crystal lattices can be examined with X-rays but not UV. Why? Problem 14CQ: How can you tell that a hologram is a true three-dimensional image and that those in... Problem 15CQ: If a hologram is recorded using monochromatic light at one wavelength but its image is viewed at... Problem 16CQ: What image will one see if a hologram is recorded using monochromatic light but its image is viewed... Problem 17P: (a) At what angle is the first minimum for 550-nm light falling on a single slit of width 1.00 m?... Problem 18P: (a) Calculate the angle at which a 2.00-m-wide slit produces its first minimum for 410-nm violet... Problem 19P: (a) How wide is a single slit that produces its first minimum for 633-nm light at an angle of 28.0°?... Problem 20P: (a) What is the width of a single slit that produces its first minimum at 60.0° for 600-nm light?... Problem 21P: Find the wavelength of light that has its third minimum at an angle of 48.6° when it falls on a... Problem 22P: (a) Sodium vapor light averaging 589 nm in wavelength falls on a single slit of width 7.50 m. At... Problem 23P: Consider a single-slit diffraction pattern for =589 nm, projected on a screen that is 1.00 m from a... Problem 24P: (a) Find the angle between the first minima for the two sodium vapor lines, which have wavelengths... Problem 25P: What is the minimum width of a single slit (in multiples of ) that will produce a first minimum for... Problem 26P: (a) If a single slit produces a first minimum at 14.5°, at what angle is the second-order minimum?... Problem 27P: If the separation between the first and the second minima of a single-slit diffraction pattern is... Problem 28P: A water break at the entrance to a harbor consists of a rock barrier with a 50.0-m-wide opening.... Problem 29P: An aircraft maintenance technician walks past a tall hangar door that acts like a single slit for... Problem 30P: A single slit of width 3.0 m is illuminated by a sodium yellow light of wavelength 589 nm. Find the... Problem 31P: A single slit of width 0.1 mm is illuminated by a mercury light of wavelength 576 nm. Find the... Problem 32P: The width of the central peak in a single-slit diffraction pattern is 5.0 mm. The wavelength of the... Problem 33P: Consider the single-slit diffraction pattern for =600 nm, D=0.025 mm , and x=2.0 m. Find the... Problem 34P: Two slits of width 2 m, each in an opaque material, are separated by a center-to-center distance of... Problem 35P: A double slit produces a diffraction pattern that is a combination of single- and double-slit... Problem 36P: For a double-slit configuration where the slit separation is four times the slit width, how many... Problem 37P: Light of wavelength 500 nm falls normally on 50 slits that are 2.5103 mm wide and spaced 5.0103 mm... Problem 38P: A monochromatic light of wavelength 589 nm incident on a double slit with slit width 2.5 m and... Problem 39P: When a monochromatic light of wavelength 430 nm incident on a double slit of slit separation 5 m,... Problem 40P: Determine the intensities of two interference peaks other than the central peak in the central... Problem 41P: A diffraction grating has 2000 lines per centimeter. At what angle will the first-order maximum be... Problem 42P: Find the angle for the third-order maximum for 580-nm-wavelength yellow light falling on a... Problem 43P: How many lines per centimeter are there on a diffraction grating that gives a first-order maximum... Problem 44P: What is the distance between lines on a diffraction grating that produces a second-order maximum for... Problem 45P: Calculate the wavelength of light that has its second-order maximum at 45.0° when falling on a... Problem 46P: An electric current through hydrogen gas produces several distinct wavelengths of visible light.... Problem 47P: (a) What do the four angles in the preceding problem become if a 5000-line per centimeter... Problem 48P: What is the spacing between structures in a feather that acts as a reflection grating, giving that... Problem 49P: An opal such as that shown in Figure 4.15 acts like a reflection grating with rows separated by... Problem 50P: At what angle does a diffraction grating produce a second-order maximum for light having a... Problem 51P: (a) Find the maximum number of lines per centimeter a diffraction grating can have and produce a... Problem 52P: (a) Show that a 30,000 line per centimeter grating will not produce a maximum for visible light. (b)... Problem 53P: The analysis shown below also applies to diffraction gratings with lines separated by a distance d.... Problem 54P: The 305-m-diameter Arecibo radio telescope pictured in Figure 4.20 detects radio waves with a... Problem 55P: Assuming the angular resolution found for the Hubble Telescope in Example 4.6, what is the smallest... Problem 56P: Diffraction spreading for a flashlight is insignificant compared with other limitations in its... Problem 57P: (a) What is the minimum angular spread of a 633-nm wavelength He-Ne laser beam that is originally... Problem 58P: A telescope can be used to enlarge the diameter of a laser beam and limit diffraction spreading. The... Problem 59P: The limit to the eye’s acuity is actually related to diffraction by the pupil. (a) What is the angle... Problem 60P: What is the minimum diameter mirror on a telescope that would allow you to see details as small as... Problem 61P: Find the radius of a star’s image on the retina of an eye if its pupil is open to 0.65 cm and the... Problem 62P: (a) The dwarf planet Pluto and its moon, Charon, are separated by 19,600 km. Neglecting atmospheric... Problem 63P: A spy satellite orbits Earth at a height of 180 km. What is the minimum diameter of the objective... Problem 64P: What is the minimum angular separation of two stars that are just-resolvable by the 8.1-m Gemini... Problem 65P: The headlights of a car are 1.3 m apart. What is the maximum distance at which the eye can resolve... Problem 66P: When dots are placed on a page from a laser printer, they must be close enough so that you do not... Problem 67P: Suppose you are looking down at a highway from a jetliner flying at an altitude of 6.0 km. How far... Problem 68P: Can an astronaut orbiting Earth in a satellite at a distance of 180 km from the surface distinguish... Problem 69P: The characters of a stadium scoreboard are formed with closely spaced lightbulbs that radiate... Problem 70P: If a microscope can accept light from objects at angles as large as =70 , what is the smallest... Problem 71P: A camera uses a lens with aperture 2.0 cm. What is the angular resolution of a photograph taken at... Problem 72P: X-rays of wavelength 0.103 nm reflects off a crystal and a second-order maximum is recorded at a... Problem 73P: A first-order Bragg reflection maximum is observed when a monochromatic X-ray falls on a crystal at... Problem 74P: An X-ray scattering experiment is performed on a crystal whose atoms form planes separated by 0.440... Problem 75P: The structure of the NaCl crystal forms reflecting planes 0.541 nm apart. What is the smallest... Problem 76P: On a certain crystal, a first-order X-ray diffraction maximum is observed at an angle of 27.1°... Problem 77P: Calcite crystals contain scattering planes separated by 0.30 nm. What is the angular separation... Problem 78P: The first-order Bragg angle for a certain crystal is 12.1°. What is the second-order angle? Problem 79AP: White light falls on two narrow slits separated by 0.40 mm. The interference pattern is observed on... Problem 80AP: Microwaves of wavelength 10.0 mm fall normally on a metal plate that contains a slit 25 mm wide. (a)... Problem 81AP: Quasars, or quasi-stellar radio sources, are astronomical objects discovered in 1960. They are... Problem 82AP: Two slits each of width 1800 nm and separated by the center-to-center distance of 1200 nm are... Problem 83AP: A microwave of an unknown wavelength is incident on a single slit of width 6 cm. The angular width... Problem 84AP: Red light (wavelength 632.8 nm in air) from a Helium-Neon laser is incident on a single slit of... Problem 85AP: A light ray of wavelength 461.9 nm emerges from a 2-mm circular aperture of a krypton ion laser. Due... Problem 86AP: How far apart must two objects be on the moon to be distinguishable by eye if only the diffraction... Problem 87AP: How far apart must two objects be on the moon to be resolvable by the 8.1-m-diameter Gemini North... Problem 88AP: A spy satellite is reputed to be able to resolve objects 10. cm apart while operating 197 km above... Problem 89AP: Monochromatic light of wavelength 530 nm passes through a horizontal single slit of width 1.5 m in... Problem 90AP: A monochromatic light of unknown wavelength is incident on a slit of width 20 m. A diffraction... Problem 91AP: A source of light having two wavelengths 550 nm and 600 nm of equal intensity is incident on a slit... Problem 92AP: A single slit of width 2100 nm is illuminated normally by a wave of wavelength 632.8 nm. Find the... Problem 93AP: A single slit of width 3.0 m is illuminated by a sodium yellow light of wavelength 589 nm. Find the... Problem 94AP: A single slit of width 0.10 mm is illuminated by a mercury lamp of wavelength 576 nm. Find the... Problem 95AP: A diffraction grating produces a second maximum that is 89.7 cm from the central maximum on a screen... Problem 96AP: A grating with 4000 lines per centimeter is used to diffract light that contains all wavelengths... Problem 97AP: A diffraction grating with 2000 lines per centimeter is used to measure the wavelengths emitted by a... Problem 98AP: For white light (400nm700nm) falling normally on a diffraction grating, show that the second and... Problem 99AP: How many complete orders of the visible spectrum (400nm700nm) can be produced with a diffraction... Problem 100AP: Two lamps producing light of wavelength 589 nm are fixed 1.0 m apart on a wooden plank. What is the... Problem 101AP: On a bright clear day, you are at the top of a mountain and looking at a city 12 km away. There are... Problem 102AP: Radio telescopes are telescopes used for the detection of radio emission from space. Because radio... Problem 103AP: Calculate the wavelength of light that produces its first minimum at an angle of 36.9° when falling... Problem 104AP: (a) Find the angle of the third diffraction minimum for 633-nm light falling on a slit of width 20.0... Problem 105AP: As an example of diffraction by apertures of everyday dimensions, consider a doorway of width 1.0 m.... Problem 106AP: What are the angular positions of the first and second minima in a diffraction pattern produced by a... Problem 107AP: How far would you place a screen from the slit of the previous problem so that the second minimum is... Problem 108AP: How narrow is a slit that produces a diffraction pattern on a screen 1.8 m away whose central peak... Problem 109AP: Suppose that the central peak of a single-slit diffraction pattern is so wide that the first minima... Problem 110AP: The central diffraction peak of the double-slit interference pattern contains exactly nine fringes.... Problem 111AP: Determine the intensities of three interference peaks other than the central peak in the central... Problem 112AP: The yellow light from a sodium vapor lamp seems to be of pure wavelength, but it produces two... Problem 113AP: Structures on a bird feather act like a reflection grating having 8000 lines per centimeter. What is... Problem 114AP: If a diffraction grating produces a first-order maximum for the shortest wavelength of visible light... Problem 115AP: (a) What visible wavelength has its fourth-order maximum at an angle of 25.0° when projected on a... Problem 116AP: Consider a spectrometer based on a diffraction grating. Construct a problem in which you calculate... Problem 117AP: An amateur astronomer wants to build a telescope with a diffraction limit that will allow him to see... Problem 118CP: Blue light of wavelength 450 nm falls on a slit of width 0.25 mm. A converging lens of focal length... Problem 119CP: (a) Assume that the maxima are halfway between the minima of a single-slit diffraction pattern. The... Problem 120CP: (a) By differentiating Equation 4.4, show that the higher-order maxima of the single-slit... Problem 121CP: What is the maximum number of lines per centimeter a diffraction grating can have and produce a... Problem 122CP: Show that a diffraction grating cannot produce a second-order maximum for a given wavelength of... Problem 123CP: A He-Ne laser beam is reflected from the surface of a CD onto a wall. The brightest spot is the... Problem 124CP: Objects viewed through a microscope are placed very close to the focal point of the objective lens.... Problem 102AP: Radio telescopes are telescopes used for the detection of radio emission from space. Because radio...
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An infrared lamp has a wavelengh of 1230 nm. Solve for the frequency of the lamp if the speed of light is 3X108 m/s. ans: 2.44X1014 Hz
A UV light has a frequency of 8X1014 Hz. solve for the wavelengh of the lamp if the speed of light is 3X108 m/s. ans: 375nm
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Definition Definition Rate at which light travels, measured in a vacuum. The speed of light is a universal physical constant used in many areas of physics, most commonly denoted by the letter c . The value of the speed of light c = 299,792,458 m/s, but for most of the calculations, the value of the speed of light is approximated as c = 3 x 10 8 m/s.
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