An independent knowledge, attitudes and practices survey on COFLU-20 was conducted in a large first-world country. The individual attitude scores were found to be normally distributed with the mean of 5 and a standard deviation of 1.3. For our current investigation of the 300 respondents, the mean score for attitude was found to be 5.6 with a standard deviation of 2.8 The researcher has asked you to use a 3% level of significance, to test whether the population mean score for attitude towards COFLU-20 is significantly different from 5. To conduct this test, you are required to: (a) Explain the meaning of ‘3% level of significance’ to the researcher. (b) State whether this is a one-tailed test or a two-tailed test. Give reason for your answer. (c) State the null and the alternative hypotheses for this test. (d) Calculate the value of the test statistic for this test. (e) Calculate the p-value for this test. (f) Using the p-value approach, state the conclusion of this test. State your reasoning for arriving at your conclusion. (g) The researcher recommended that the level of significance be changed to 5%. How would this affect the conclusion arrived at in part (f)? QUESTION 4 (a) The researcher is concerned that older persons may not be knowledgeable of the COFLU-20. As such, he is interested in investigating the association between the age of the respondents and their knowledge level. Table 2 below shows the knowledge level of respondents, by age group. Table 2 Age Group Knowledge Level Total Poor Satisfactory Good 18 - 25 33 16 13 62 26 - 34 30 18 12 60 35 - 44 29 14 12 55 45 - 54 36 16 18 70 55 - 75 17 14 22 53 Total 145 78 77 300 Conduct a test, at the 5% level of significance, to determine whether the data provided sufficient evidence to conclude that an association exists between age group and knowledge level. (i) State the hypotheses to be tested: H0: H1: Calculate: (ii) state the degrees of freedom for this test (iii) the p-value for this test, given that the chi-square test statistic, c2, is 11.029. (iv) state the conclusion for the test. Give reason for your answer. (b) Finally, the researcher is interested in examining the regression model for knowledge, attitude and practices towards the COFLU-20. The following model was developed to forecast individual practices towards COFLU-20 using knowledge and attitude scores. P = α + β K + δ A where P = Practice towards COFLU-20 score K = Knowledge towards COFLU-20 score A = Attitude towards COFLU-20 score The data are processed using MINITAB and the output in Exhibit 1 below was obtained: Exhibit 1 The regression equation is ************* Predictor Coef SE t-ratio P Constant 4.755 0.462 10.282 0 Knowledge 0.8 0.039 2.055 0.041 Attitude 0.024 0.6 0.393 0.695 R-sq = 81.5% Analysis of Variance SOURCE DF SS MS F P Regression 2 38.06 19.03 2.284 0.104 Error 297 2474.887 8.333 Total 299 2512.947 (i) Identify the dependent variable(s) and the independent variable(s). (ii) Is δ significant? Show proof of the testing process used to arrive at your decision. State what this means in terms of attitude and practices. (iii) What does the value of R-sq indicate? Comment on the value of R-sq.
QUESTION 3
An independent knowledge, attitudes and practices survey on COFLU-20 was conducted in a large first-world country. The individual attitude scores were found to be
The researcher has asked you to use a 3% level of significance, to test whether the population mean score for attitude towards COFLU-20 is significantly different from 5. To conduct this test, you are required to:
(a) Explain the meaning of ‘3% level of significance’ to the researcher.
(b) State whether this is a one-tailed test or a two-tailed test. Give reason for your answer.
(c) State the null and the alternative hypotheses for this test.
(d) Calculate the value of the test statistic for this test.
(e) Calculate the p-value for this test.
(f) Using the p-value approach, state the conclusion of this test. State your reasoning for arriving at your conclusion.
(g) The researcher recommended that the level of significance be changed to 5%. How would this affect the conclusion arrived at in part (f)?
QUESTION 4
(a) The researcher is concerned that older persons may not be knowledgeable of the COFLU-20. As such, he is interested in investigating the association between the age of the respondents and their knowledge level. Table 2 below shows the knowledge level of respondents, by age group.
Table 2
|
Age Group |
Knowledge Level |
Total |
|||
|
Poor |
Satisfactory |
Good |
|||
|
|
18 - 25 |
33 |
16 |
13 |
62 |
|
26 - 34 |
30 |
18 |
12 |
60 |
|
|
35 - 44 |
29 |
14 |
12 |
55 |
|
|
45 - 54 |
36 |
16 |
18 |
70 |
|
|
55 - 75 |
17 |
14 |
22 |
53 |
|
|
Total |
145 |
78 |
77 |
300 |
Conduct a test, at the 5% level of significance, to determine whether the data provided sufficient evidence to conclude that an association exists between age group and knowledge level.
(i) State the hypotheses to be tested:
H0:
H1:
Calculate:
(ii) state the degrees of freedom for this test
(iii) the p-value for this test, given that the chi-square test statistic, c2, is 11.029.
(iv) state the conclusion for the test. Give reason for your answer.
(b) Finally, the researcher is interested in examining the regression model for knowledge, attitude and practices towards the COFLU-20. The following model was developed to forecast individual practices towards COFLU-20 using knowledge and attitude scores.
P = α + β K + δ A
where P = Practice towards COFLU-20 score
K = Knowledge towards COFLU-20 score
A = Attitude towards COFLU-20 score
The data are processed using MINITAB and the output in Exhibit 1 below was obtained:
Exhibit 1
The regression equation is *************
|
Predictor |
Coef |
SE |
t-ratio |
P |
|
Constant |
4.755 |
0.462 |
10.282 |
0 |
|
Knowledge |
0.8 |
0.039 |
2.055 |
0.041 |
|
Attitude |
0.024 |
0.6 |
0.393 |
0.695 |
R-sq = 81.5%
|
Analysis of Variance |
|||||
|
SOURCE |
DF |
SS |
MS |
F |
P |
|
Regression |
2 |
38.06 |
19.03 |
2.284 |
0.104 |
|
Error |
297 |
2474.887 |
8.333 |
||
|
Total |
299 |
2512.947 |
(i) Identify the dependent variable(s) and the independent variable(s).
(ii) Is δ significant?
Show proof of the testing process used to arrive at your decision.
State what this means in terms of attitude and practices.
(iii) What does the value of R-sq indicate? Comment on the value of R-sq.
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