An important distinction between macrophages that populate the lamina propria of the gut and the macrophages that populate the skin is that the former _____. a. cannot phagocytose and kill bacterial pathogens b. do not present antigens to T cells c. do not possess signaling receptors needed for production of inflammatory cytokines d. express much higher levels of TLRs e. are very rare in the gut mucosa.

Q: Identify which of the following immune responses is pivotal to the killing and elimination of…

A: The helminths are a type of parasite that has a worm-like structure. They survive by feeding on the…

Q: The reason why therapeutic anti-IgE is able to suppress allergic responses is that _____. a.…

A: The immune system is what protects your body from sicknesses and infections. It's the real system…

Q: Match the following cell types with their correct definition. ____ Macrophage a. Granulocyte that…

A: The capability of the body to recognize and fight against foreign and harmful particles is called…

Q: The specialized cells that provide the interface between the lumen of the gut and the underlying…

A: M-cells are specialized epithelial cells found in the FAE of PP, and in isolated lymphoid follicles,…

Q: Which of the following is not an example of a complement control protein? a. decay-accelerating…

A: Complement system- complement system refers to a series of more than 20 proteins circulating in…

Q: The following events occur in humoral immunity, leading to an activated B cell in a T dependent…

A: Humoral immunity is a crucial component of the immune system that involves the production of…

Q: The binding groove of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) binds to _____ and presents them to…

A: In humans, a protein that is encoded by the PROCR gene, is known as Endothelial protein C receptor.…

Q: What is one way that CD8+- cells are activated? A. by binding to a processed antigen on an MCH II…

A: White blood cells called CD8+ T cells are also referred to as cytotoxic T cells. These cells are…

Q: Natural killer cellsa. are known for attacking large parasites, such as tapeworms.b. engulf…

A: Natural Killer cells also called large granular lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell. It is a…

Q: Systemic distribution of TNF-α in the blood circulation may cause _____. a. respiratory burst b.…

A: Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF alpha), is an inflammatory cytokine produced by…

Q: A. vagina B. trachea and bronchi C. skin D. stomach E. mouth select A B C D E 1. villi pushing…

A: 1) vagina - low pH , antibodies and secretions  2) trachea and bronchi - villi pushing material…

Q: When the body is exposed to the same virus a second time, the immune response is Accompanied by…

A: Any foreign substances or pathogen can be harmful to an organism. Hence, the organism will develop…

Q: Antibodies are______ . a. antigen receptors c. proteins b. made only by B cells d.all of the above

A: Antibody  Antibody is the Y shaped molecules that fight with foreign objects or pathogens.

Q: An adult who has been thymectomized will have a T-cell repertoire that _____. a. resembles a…

A: The answer is described in the next step:-

Q: Which of the following statements regarding intraepithelial lymphocytes is false? (Select all that…

A: BASIC INFORMATION IMMUNE SYSTEM  It defends our body from the foreign particles which can cause…

Q: Receptors that trigger innate immune responses a. are antibodies recognizing specific antigens.…

A: The first line of defense against invading pathogens is the innate immune response. They are also…

Q: When an immature dendritic cell becomes an activated dendritic cell, all of the following changes…

A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…

Q: What types of cells could be involved in specific immune reactionsagainst the rabies virus?a. T…

A: Viruses are microscopic parasites, typically much smaller than bacteria. They lack the ability to…

Q: A drug that were to inhibit the activity of T suppressor cells would lead to _______. a.…

A: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) also known as supressor t cell are a specialized subpopulation of T cells…

Q: An example of an inflammatory mediator that stimulates vasodilationisa. histamine b. collagen c.…

A: Inflammation is a localized immunized response that leads to swelling. Redness, pain, numbness,…

Q: o activate your adaptive defense immune system, you must be:  Select one: a. Exposed to the…

A: The immune system of the kid defends their body from external threats. These include pathogens like…

Q: All of the following are characteristic of mannose-binding lectin except Select one: a. acts as an…

A: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a soluble protein that is produced by the liver and circulates in…

Q: Select all of the following statetments that apply to immunological memory:   A. A small…

A: Immunological memory refers to the immune system's capacity to react to infections more quickly and…

Q: The primary role of complement control proteins that operate in the early stages of complement…

A: In response to antigenic stimulation, antibodies are produced which are immunoglobulins. The…

Q: Generally, in healthy individuals and in the absence of infection, a mature naive T cell that…

A: T cells are among the immune system's most essential white blood cells that play a key part in…

Q: Inflammatory cytokines a. act as opsonins. Ob. are produced only by phagocytic cells. c. facilitate…

A: Immunology is a section of biology that includes the study of molecules, cells, and organs that…

Q: Which pertains to the immune response of a woman who has just inhaled a coronavirus to which she has…

A: Corona virus are a group of RNA viruses which causes disease in mammals and birds. They usually…

Q: Helper T cells do not _________. Select one: a. secrete cytokines that stimulate clonal selection…

A: The question is asking us to identify the function that Helper T cells do not perform.

Q: CD1-restricted α:β T cells respond to lipid antigens of mycobacterial pathogens using all except…

A: Introduction  The cluster of differentiation (also known as cluster of designation or classification…

Q: Memory T cells _____. (Select all that apply.) a. must all be activated in secondary lymphoid…

A: Memory T cells are antigen-specific T cells that remain long-term after an infection has been…

Q: Which of the following cell types can directly regulate B cell activation and differentiation? 單選:…

A: The stimulation of the Th1 clones with immobilised anti-CD3 mAb greatly boosted the proliferation of…

Q: All of the following are true in reference to T-cell priming except _____. a. it occurs in primary…

A: The immune system of the human body consists of white blood cells, antibodies, spleen, thymus, and…

Q: The activation of cytotoxic T cells can result ina. lysis of virus-infected cells.b. production of…

A: T-lymphocytes arise in bone marrow and migrate to the thymus gland for maturation. T-cells express…

Q: The cytolytic action of the complement system is most similar to the action ofa. interleukin-1.b.…

A: Complement system- It is a cascade system, plays a role in immune system by enhancing the antibodies…

Q: If B cells making high-affinity IgG4 are unable to switch to IgE at a late stage in the germinal…

A: Helminths are parasites that cause several infections.

Q: The first cell to initiate an adaptive immune response to a novel pathogen is _____. A. an antigen…

A: During the adaptive immune response the first cell to initiate the response to a novel pathogen is…

Q: Which of the following statements is not correct?  A. Bacterial LPS is recognized by TLR4. B. TLRs…

A: Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are the major outer surface membrane components present in…

Q: Helper T cells can be activated by macrophages(which engulf everything indiscriminately) or by B…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: The immune system includes the various responses the body uses to ensure survival in the presence of…

A: Immune system is the ability of the body to resists the entry of foreingn proteins that could be…

Q: Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. Allergens differ from antigens because a.…

A: Allergns are the substances which are responsible for causing the allergy to the host.