An imaginary machine takes 9,000J of heat from a hot reservoir and 3,000 J of heat from a cold reservoirand produces 12,000 J of work. What can be said about this machine?O It violates both the first and second laws of thermodynamics.It violates the second law of thermodynamics but not the first law.It violates the first law of thermodynamics but not the second law.O It does not violate either the first or the second law of thermodynamics.

An imaginary machine takes 9,000 J of heat from a hot reservoir and 3,000 J of heat from a cold reservoir and produces 12,000 J of work. What can be said about this machine? O It violates both the first and second laws of thermodynamics. O It violates the second law of thermodynamics but not the first law. It violates the first law of thermodynamics but not the second law. O It does not violate either the first or the second law of thermodynamics.

An imaginary machine takes 9,000 J of heat from a hot reservoir and 3,000 J of heat from a cold reservoir and produces 12,000 J of work. What can be said about this machine? O It violates both the first and second laws of thermodynamics. O It violates the second law of thermodynamics but not the first law. It violates the first law of thermodynamics but not the second law. O It does not violate either the first or the second law of thermodynamics.

Chemistry for Engineering Students

4th Edition

ISBN:9781337398909

Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Publisher:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Chapter10: Entropy And The Second Law Of Thermodynamics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10.77PAE: A beaker of water at 40C (on the left in the drawing) and a beaker of ice water at 0°C are placed...

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9.20 State the first law of thermodynamics briefly in your own words.
Coal is used as a fuel in some electric-generating plants. Coal is a complex material, but for simplicity we may consider it to be a form of carbon. The energy that can be derived from a fuel is sometimes compared with the enthalpy of the combustion reaction: C(s)+O2(g)CO2(g) Calculate the standard enthalpy change for this reaction at 25C. Actually, only a fraction of the heat from this reaction is available to produce electric energy. In electric generating plants, this reaction is used to generate heat for a steam engine, which turns the generator. Basically the steam engine is a type of heat engine in which steam enters the engine at high temperature (Th), work is done, and the steam then exits at a lower temperature (Tl). The maximum fraction, f, of heat available to produce useful energy depends on the difference between these temperatures (expressed in kelvins), f = (Th Tl)/Th. What is the maximum heat energy available for useful work from the combustion of 1.00 mol of C(s) to CO2(g)? (Assume the value of H calculated at 25C for the heat obtained in the generator.) It is possible to consider more efficient ways to obtain useful energy from a fuel. For example, methane can be burned in a fuel cell to generate electricity directly. The maximum useful energy obtained in these cases is the maximum work, which equals the free-energy change. Calculate the standard free-energy change for the combustion of 1.00 mol of C(s) to CO2(g). Compare this value with the maximum obtained with the heat engine described here.
In which of the following systems is(are) work done by the surroundings on the system? Assume pressure and temperature are constant. a. 2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g) b.CO2(s)CO2(g) c. 4NH3(g)+7O2(g)4NO2(g)+6H2O(g) d.N2O4(g)2NO2(g) e.CaCO3(s)CaCO(s)+CO2(g)
9.11 Analyze the units of the quantity (pressurevolume) and show that they are energy units, consistent with the idea of PV-work.
9.42 Why is enthalpy generally more useful than internal energy in the thermodynamics of real world systems?
When a rocket is launched, the burning gases are the source of the motion. If the system is the rocket (including fuel), what is the sign of the work?
A pot of cold water is heated on a stove, and when the water boils, a fresh egg is placed in the water to cook. Describe the events that are occurring in terms of the zeroth law of thermodynamics.
What is the sign of the work when a refrigerator compresses a gas (the system) to a liquid during the refrigeration cycle?
It takes 2260 J to vaporize a gram of liquid water to steam at its normal boiling point of 100C. What is H for this process?What is the work, given that the water vaporexpands against a pressure of 0.988atm? What is U for thisprocess?
When 1.000 g of ethylene glycol, C2H6O2, is burned at 25C and 1.00 atmosphere pressure, H2O(l) and CO2(g) are formed with the evolution of 19.18 kJ of heat. a Calculate the molar enthalpy of formation of ethylene glycol. (It will be necessary to use data from Appendix C.) b Gf of ethylene glycol is 322.5 kJ/mol. What is G for the combustion of 1 mol ethylene glycol? c What is S for the combustion of 1 mol ethylene glycol?
The enthalpy of combustion of solid carbon to form carbon dioxide is 393.7 KJ/mol carbon, and the enthalpy of combustion of carbon monoxide to form carbon dioxide is 283.3 KJ/mol CO. Use these data to calculate H for the reaction 2C(s)+O2(g)2CO(g)
Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide; it vaporizes at room temperature and normal pressures to the gas. Suppose you put 21.5 g of dry ice in a vessel fitted with a piston (similar to the one in Figure 6.9 but with the weight replaced by the atmosphere), and it vaporizes completely to the gas, pushing the piston upward until its pressure and temperature equal those of the surrounding atmosphere at 24.0C and 751 mmHg. Calculate the work done by the gas in expanding against the atmosphere. Neglect the volume of the solid carbon dioxide, which is very small in comparison to the volume of the gas phase.