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An ideal monatomic gas is contained in a cylinder with a movable piston so that the gas can do work on the outside world, and heat can be added or removed as necessary. (Figure 1) shows various paths that the gas might take in expanding from an initial state whose pressure, volume, and temperature are po. Vo, and To respectively. The gas expands to a state with final volume 4V. For some answers it will be convenient to generalize your results by using the variable R₂ = Vfinal/Vinitial, which is the ratio of final to initial volumes (equal to 4 for the expansions shown in the figure.) The figure shows several possible paths of the system in the PV plane. Although there are an infinite number of paths possible, several of those shown are special because one of their state variables remains constant during the expansion. These have the following names: • Adiabatic: No heat is added or removed during the expansion. • Isobaric: The pressure remains constant during the expansion. • Isothermal: The temperature remains constant during the expansion.

An ideal monatomic gas is contained in a cylinder with a movable piston so that the gas can do work on the outside world, and heat can be added or removed as necessary. (Figure 1) shows various paths that the gas might take in expanding from an initial state whose pressure, volume, and temperature are po. Vo, and To respectively. The gas expands to a state with final volume 4V. For some answers it will be convenient to generalize your results by using the variable R₂ = Vfinal/Vinitial, which is the ratio of final to initial volumes (equal to 4 for the expansions shown in the figure.) The figure shows several possible paths of the system in the PV plane. Although there are an infinite number of paths possible, several of those shown are special because one of their state variables remains constant during the expansion. These have the following names: • Adiabatic: No heat is added or removed during the expansion. • Isobaric: The pressure remains constant during the expansion. • Isothermal: The temperature remains constant during the expansion.

College Physics
College Physics
11th Edition
ISBN:9781305952300
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Chapter1: Units, Trigonometry. And Vectors
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1CQ: Estimate the order of magnitude of the length, in meters, of each of the following; (a) a mouse, (b)...
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An ideal monatomic gas is contained in a cylinder with a movable piston so that the gas can do work on the outside world, and heat can be added or removed as necessary. (Figure 1) shows various paths that the gas might take in expanding from an initial state whose pressure, volume, and temperature are po, Vo, and To respectively. The gas expands to a state with final volume 4V. For some answers it will be convenient to generalize your results by using the variable R₂ = Vfinal/Vinitial, which is the ratio of final to initial volumes (equal to 4 for the expansions shown in the figure.) The figure shows several possible paths of the system in the pV plane. Although there are an infinite number of paths possible, several of those shown are special because one of their state variables remains constant during the expansion. These have the following names: Adiabatic: No heat is added or removed during the expansion. • Isobaric: The pressure remains constant during the expansion. ● • Isothermal: The temperature remains constant during the expansion. Figure 1.00- 0.75- Po 0.50- 0.25 0 O 1.0 2.0 3.0 < 1 of 1 A B C •D 4.0 Part F Correct Remember that p = po is not always true. For this particular process, the pressure was constant. Now consider a process in which the temperature and not the pressure is constant. Calculate the work Wc done by the gas during the isothermal expansion. Express Wc in terms of po, V₁, and R. ► View Available Hint(s) Wc = Submit Part G A B Which of the curves shown represents an adiabatic expansion? ► View Available Hint(s) C Submit ΑΣΦ Previous Answers Correct X P Pearson ? Review | Consta The figure shows four pV diagrams in the pV grid labeled A to D. The value on the horizontal axis is the ratio of the volume to initial volume and the value on the vertical axis is the ratio of the pressure to initial pressure. All diagrams start at point O having coordinates (1.0, 1.0). Line OA is a horizontal line, coordinates of point A is (4.0, 1.0). Line OB is concave upward decreasing line that is above OC and OD, point B have coordinates are approximately (4.0, 0.6). Line OC is a hyperbola, coordinates of point C of (4.0, 0.25). Line OD is concave upward decreasing line that is below all other lines, point D have coordinates of approximately (4.0, 0.15).
Transcribed Image Text:An ideal monatomic gas is contained in a cylinder with a movable piston so that the gas can do work on the outside world, and heat can be added or removed as necessary. (Figure 1) shows various paths that the gas might take in expanding from an initial state whose pressure, volume, and temperature are po, Vo, and To respectively. The gas expands to a state with final volume 4V. For some answers it will be convenient to generalize your results by using the variable R₂ = Vfinal/Vinitial, which is the ratio of final to initial volumes (equal to 4 for the expansions shown in the figure.) The figure shows several possible paths of the system in the pV plane. Although there are an infinite number of paths possible, several of those shown are special because one of their state variables remains constant during the expansion. These have the following names: Adiabatic: No heat is added or removed during the expansion. • Isobaric: The pressure remains constant during the expansion. ● • Isothermal: The temperature remains constant during the expansion. Figure 1.00- 0.75- Po 0.50- 0.25 0 O 1.0 2.0 3.0 < 1 of 1 A B C •D 4.0 Part F Correct Remember that p = po is not always true. For this particular process, the pressure was constant. Now consider a process in which the temperature and not the pressure is constant. Calculate the work Wc done by the gas during the isothermal expansion. Express Wc in terms of po, V₁, and R. ► View Available Hint(s) Wc = Submit Part G A B Which of the curves shown represents an adiabatic expansion? ► View Available Hint(s) C Submit ΑΣΦ Previous Answers Correct X P Pearson ? Review | Consta The figure shows four pV diagrams in the pV grid labeled A to D. The value on the horizontal axis is the ratio of the volume to initial volume and the value on the vertical axis is the ratio of the pressure to initial pressure. All diagrams start at point O having coordinates (1.0, 1.0). Line OA is a horizontal line, coordinates of point A is (4.0, 1.0). Line OB is concave upward decreasing line that is above OC and OD, point B have coordinates are approximately (4.0, 0.6). Line OC is a hyperbola, coordinates of point C of (4.0, 0.25). Line OD is concave upward decreasing line that is below all other lines, point D have coordinates of approximately (4.0, 0.15).
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