Question No. 1An excavation is proposed for a square arca near the bend of a river as shown in Fig. P4.8. It is expectedthat the flow of water into the excavation will come through the silt layer. Pumping tests reveal an averagehorizontal bydraulic conductivity of 5.2 x 10 cm/s in the silt layer. The excavation has to be kept dry.Determine the flow (q) into the excavation.RiverExcavationPlan1.2SlapeExcavationSilt21 mCross section a-a8 mNot to scaleQuestion No. 2The highway embankment from Noscut to Windsor Forest, described in the sample practical situation, is 10km long. The average cross section of the embankment is shown in Fig. P3.22a. The gradation curves forthe soils at the two borrow pits are shown in Fig. P3.22b. Pit 1 is located 5 km from the start of theembankment while pit 2 is 3 km away. Estimated costs for various earthmoving operations are shown in thetable below. Compare the cost and check which option is cheaper?CostOperationPit 1Pit 2Purchase and load borrow pit material at site, haul 2 km$10/m3$12/m3round trip, and spread with 200 HP dozer$0.50/m3$102/m$10/m$0.55/m3Extra mileage charge for each kmCompaction$1.26Miscellaneous$0.85/m3

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An excavation is proposed for a square arca near the bend of a river as shown in Fig. P4.8. It is expected that the flow of water into the excavation will come through the silt layer. Pumping tests reveal an average horizontal bydraulic conductivity of 5.2 x 10 cm/s in the silt layer. The excavation has to be kept dry. Determine the flow (q) into the excavation. River Excavation Plan 1.2 Slape7 2 at Excavation Cross section H Silt 21 m- -8 m- Nat to scale

An excavation is proposed for a square arca near the bend of a river as shown in Fig. P4.8. It is expected that the flow of water into the excavation will come through the silt layer. Pumping tests reveal an average horizontal bydraulic conductivity of 5.2 x 10 cm/s in the silt layer. The excavation has to be kept dry. Determine the flow (q) into the excavation. River Excavation Plan 1.2 Slape7 2 at Excavation Cross section H Silt 21 m- -8 m- Nat to scale

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Concept explainers

Field applications of hydraulic conductivity

Hydraulic conductivity is one of the hydraulic properties of soil defined as a measurement of the ability of a porous medium to permit water movement or fluid flow through it. It is denoted by the letter K. It is influenced by the density and viscosity of the fluid. It is also called permeability. Hydraulic conductivity is defined as the ratio of velocity to the hydraulic gradient. The different methods used to determine the hydraulic conductivity are laboratory methods (constant head permeability tests and falling head tests), in-situ field methods (pumping in and pumping out tests), small scale field tests (infiltration tests and slug tests), and indirect methods such as estimation from grain size, consolidation test data, and horizontal capillary test. The pedotransfer function (PTF) method is a specific empirical estimating approach employed in the soil sciences is also used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of the soil.

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An excavation is proposed for a square area near the bend of a river as shown in Fig. P6.9. It is expected that the flow of water into the excavation will come through the silt layer. Pumping tests reveal an average horizontal hydraulic conductivity of 2 x 10 cm/s in the silt layer. The excavation has to be kept dry. Determine the flow rate (q) into the excavation. 12.8 m River 8 m Average width 10.4 m Excavation Plan Slo 4 m Excavation Silt Cross section a-a. Not to scale