Id=229 An embankment with a cross-section shownFig.2 is to be constructed, where thelength of the embankment is 5.0 km having a slope of 1:2 (vertical: horizontal). Thevoid ratio of the compacted fill is specified as (0.5+ID/1000). Three borrow pits areavailable as described in Table 4, which lists the respective void ratios of the soil andthe cost per cubic meter for transportation. Make the necessary calculations to selectthe pit from which the soil should be bought to minimize the cost. Assume G=2.70for all pits, and w=9.81 kN/m³.18.0m1:21:28.0mFig. 2 - for Q. 4(b)Table 4. Void ratio and unit cost of soilBorrow pitVoid ratioCost (USD/m³)A1.274.40B0.685.20C1.024.80Table A. Unified Soil Classification System for Q.1GroupsymbolCriteria for assigning group symbolsGravelsMore than 50% ofcoarse fractionretained on No.4 sieveClean gravelsLess than 5% finesGravels with FinesC, 24 and 1C>3I,<4 or plots below “A" line1>7 or plots on or above "A" lineGWGPGMGCCoarse-grained soilsMore than 50% ofretained on No.200More than 12% finesSwClean sandsLess than 5% finesSands with FinesMore than 12% finesC, 26 and 1C>31,<4 or plots below “A" lineI>7 or plots on or above "A" lineSands50% or more of coarsesieveSPfraction passes No.4sieveSMSCI,>7 or plots on or above "A" line1,<4 or plots below "A" lineCLInorganicSilts and claysLiquid limit less thanMLLiquid limit (oven dried)Liquid limit (not dried)50OrganicOLFine-grained soils50% or more passesI, plots on or above “A" lineİ, plots below “A" lineNo.200 sieveCHInorganicSilts and ClaysLiquid limit 50 orMHLiquid limit (oven dried)Liquid limit (not dried)moreOrganicОНHighly Organic SoilsPrimarily organic matter, dark in color, and organic odorPtGravels with 5 to 12% fine require dual symbols: GW-GM, GW-GC, GP-GM, GP-GC.Sands with 5 to 12% fines require dual symbols: Sw-SM, SW-SC, SP-SM, SP-SC.

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An embankment with a cross-section shown in Fig.2 is to be constructed, where the length of the embankment is 5.0 km having a slope of 1:2 (vertical: horizontal). The void ratio of the compacted fill is specified as (0.5+ID/1000). Three borrow pits are available as described in Table 4, which lists the respective void ratios of the soil and the cost per cubic meter for transportation. Make the necessary calculations to select the pit from which the soil should be bought to minimize the cost. Assume G-2.70 for all pits, and w=9.81 kN/m³. 18.0m 1:2 1:2 8.0m Fig. 2 - for Q. 4(b) Table 4. Void ratio and unit cost of soil

An embankment with a cross-section shown in Fig.2 is to be constructed, where the length of the embankment is 5.0 km having a slope of 1:2 (vertical: horizontal). The void ratio of the compacted fill is specified as (0.5+ID/1000). Three borrow pits are available as described in Table 4, which lists the respective void ratios of the soil and the cost per cubic meter for transportation. Make the necessary calculations to select the pit from which the soil should be bought to minimize the cost. Assume G-2.70 for all pits, and w=9.81 kN/m³. 18.0m 1:2 1:2 8.0m Fig. 2 - for Q. 4(b) Table 4. Void ratio and unit cost of soil

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Unit Conversion

Standard units are also called SI units. SI units are used for measuring a physical quantity satisfying certain conditions. There are two types of units: fundamental units and derived units. Fundamental units are physical quantities that are independent, that is, they do not depend on other quantities like mass, length, or time. There are plenty of quantities in our lives which need to be measured and compared. Measuring is the comparison of a particular physical quantity with its reference value. A unit is a measure of a fixed physical quantity. A physical quantity is the product of a unit and the numerical value we need to compare with.

Question

Id=229

An embankment with a cross-section shown
Fig.2 is to be constructed, where the
length of the embankment is 5.0 km having a slope of 1:2 (vertical: horizontal). The
void ratio of the compacted fill is specified as (0.5+ID/1000). Three borrow pits are
available as described in Table 4, which lists the respective void ratios of the soil and
the cost per cubic meter for transportation. Make the necessary calculations to select
the pit from which the soil should be bought to minimize the cost. Assume G=2.70
for all pits, and w=9.81 kN/m³.
18.0m
1:2
1:2
8.0m
Fig. 2 - for Q. 4(b)
Table 4. Void ratio and unit cost of soil
Borrow pit
Void ratio
Cost (USD/m³)
A
1.27
4.40
B
0.68
5.20
C
1.02
4.80
Table A. Unified Soil Classification System for Q.1
Group
symbol
Criteria for assigning group symbols
Gravels
More than 50% of
coarse fraction
retained on No.4 sieve
Clean gravels
Less than 5% fines
Gravels with Fines
C, 24 and 1<C53
C, <4 and/or 1>C>3
I,<4 or plots below “A" line
1>7 or plots on or above "A" line
GW
GP
GM
GC
Coarse-grained soils
More than 50% of
retained on No.200
More than 12% fines
Sw
Clean sands
Less than 5% fines
Sands with Fines
More than 12% fines
C, 26 and 1<C53
C, <6 and/or 1>C>3
1,<4 or plots below “A" line
I>7 or plots on or above "A" line
Sands
50% or more of coarse
sieve
SP
fraction passes No.4
sieve
SM
SC
I,>7 or plots on or above "A" line
1,<4 or plots below "A" line
CL
Inorganic
Silts and clays
Liquid limit less than
ML
Liquid limit (oven dried)
Liquid limit (not dried)
50
Organic
OL
Fine-grained soils
50% or more passes
I, plots on or above “A" line
İ, plots below “A" line
No.200 sieve
CH
Inorganic
Silts and Clays
Liquid limit 50 or
MH
Liquid limit (oven dried)
Liquid limit (not dried)
more
Organic
ОН
Highly Organic Soils
Primarily organic matter, dark in color, and organic odor
Pt
Gravels with 5 to 12% fine require dual symbols: GW-GM, GW-GC, GP-GM, GP-GC.
Sands with 5 to 12% fines require dual symbols: Sw-SM, SW-SC, SP-SM, SP-SC.

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