An elliptic curve is a curve of the form y^2 = x^3 + ax + b for some constants a, b. These curves are extremely special in that they admit an addition given by the following picture: P R P+Q P Q R=0 Addition of distinct points T P TOT=0 R ΡΘΡ Adding a point to itself (a) Verify that the point (-4, -3) lies on the curve y^2 = x^3 + 73. (b) Compute the sum (-4, -3) + (-4, -3) using the description and picture above. Verify that this point is also on the curve.

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Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
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How do I find P+P in part B? All I have gotten up to is solving for the necessary equation 8x+y+35=0 but from there I do not know how to find P+P.  BTW this is not part of a graded assignment; this is just a practice problem.  

**Elliptic Curves and Their Special Properties**

An elliptic curve is a curve of the form:

\[ y^2 = x^3 + ax + b \]

for some constants \( a, b \). These curves are extremely special in that they admit an addition given by the following picture:

**Graph Explanation:**

The image contains two diagrams illustrating the addition of points on an elliptic curve.

1. **Addition of Distinct Points:**

    - Points \( P \) and \( Q \) are distinct points on the curve.
    - A line is drawn through \( P \) and \( Q \) and it intersects the curve at a third point \( R \).
    - The point \( P + Q \) is determined by reflecting \( R \) over the x-axis.

2. **Adding a Point to Itself:**

    - The point \( P \) is considered and a tangent line at \( P \) is drawn.
    - This tangent line intersects the curve at another point \( T \).
    - The point \( P + P \) (or \( T \oplus T \)) is found by reflecting \( T \) over the x-axis.

In both cases, the operation results in a point denoted as \( O \), showing the closure property under addition.

**Exercises:**

(a) **Verify that the point \((-4, -3)\) lies on the curve \( y^2 = x^3 + 73 \).**

This involves substituting \((-4, -3)\) into the equation and confirming if the equality holds.

(b) **Compute the sum \((-4, -3) \oplus (-4, -3)\) using the description and picture above. Verify that this point is also on the curve.**

This requires using the rules of point addition on an elliptic curve as described, and then verifying that the resulting point satisfies the equation of the curve.
Transcribed Image Text:**Elliptic Curves and Their Special Properties** An elliptic curve is a curve of the form: \[ y^2 = x^3 + ax + b \] for some constants \( a, b \). These curves are extremely special in that they admit an addition given by the following picture: **Graph Explanation:** The image contains two diagrams illustrating the addition of points on an elliptic curve. 1. **Addition of Distinct Points:** - Points \( P \) and \( Q \) are distinct points on the curve. - A line is drawn through \( P \) and \( Q \) and it intersects the curve at a third point \( R \). - The point \( P + Q \) is determined by reflecting \( R \) over the x-axis. 2. **Adding a Point to Itself:** - The point \( P \) is considered and a tangent line at \( P \) is drawn. - This tangent line intersects the curve at another point \( T \). - The point \( P + P \) (or \( T \oplus T \)) is found by reflecting \( T \) over the x-axis. In both cases, the operation results in a point denoted as \( O \), showing the closure property under addition. **Exercises:** (a) **Verify that the point \((-4, -3)\) lies on the curve \( y^2 = x^3 + 73 \).** This involves substituting \((-4, -3)\) into the equation and confirming if the equality holds. (b) **Compute the sum \((-4, -3) \oplus (-4, -3)\) using the description and picture above. Verify that this point is also on the curve.** This requires using the rules of point addition on an elliptic curve as described, and then verifying that the resulting point satisfies the equation of the curve.
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