An effusion cell has a circular hole of diameter 3.00 mm. If the molar mass of the solid in the cell is 300 g mol−1 and its vapour pressure is 0.224 Pa at 450 K, by how much will the mass of the solid decrease in a period of 24.00 h?

Q: The molar entropy of argon (Ar) is given by Sm = 36.4 + 20.8 ln T (in SI units). Calculate the…

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Q: Show by calculating Gibbs energy of reaction whether evaporation or condensation occurs…

A: Introduction Gibbs energy, also known as free enthalpy, is a thermodynamic potential used to measure…

Q: The vapor pressure of benzene between 285 K and 310 K fits the expression  log P = 10.086 – 1780.172…

A: The vapor pressure of benzene between 285 K and 310 K fits the expression  log P = 10.086 – 1780.172…

Q: A sample of water vapor at 227 °C at 202.6 kPa is cooled to 197 °C and then expanded to 101.3 kPa.…

A: Gibbs energy is the energy of a chemical reaction that can be applied to conduct non-mechanical…

Q: Suggest a physical interpretation of the dependence of the Gibbs energy on the pressure.

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Q: A chemist mixed 2.3 M of A, 1.6 M of B, and 0.7 Mof C to a sealed container at 750 K: A(g) + B(aq)…

A: Given reaction is :  A (g) + B (aq) <------------->2C (g) , Kc = 9.8 x 10-1  Concentration of…

Q: Calculate the standard molar Gibbs energy of neon gas at 298 K.

A: The standard molar Gibbs energy at any temperature T can be expressed as follows:

Q: Hexafluorobenzene (C6F6) has a vapour pressure of 1.23 × 104 N m–2 at 300 K. Predict the vapour…

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Q: 17.6 cm3 of a pure vapour, at 1.153 atm, and 98.5 °C has a mass of 0.0520 g. Calculate the molar…

A: Given :-  pressure = 1.153 atm  Volume = 17.6 cm3  Temperature = 98.5°C  mass = 0.0520 g  To…

Q: Calculate the change in entropy when 25 kJ of energy is transferred reversibly and isothermally as…

A: For the reversible isothermal process, the change in the entropy is given by: where qrev is the…

Q: Calculate the difference in Gibbs energy of a prefect gas if the pressure is increased by 20% at…

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Q: You have two containers in which 5 mol of pure Ne and 5 mol of O2 is there at 400 K and 2 atm…

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Q: None

A: To calculate the Gibbs free energy of the mixture when the separation between the two parts is…

Q: Calculate the change in the chemical potential (or molar Gibbs free energy) for a closed system of a…

A: A pure substance undergoes an expansion at a constant pressure of 298 K(isothermally) from a…

Q: The difference in a chemical potential of a particular substance between two regions of a system is…

A: The Gibbs energy change for transfer of dn moles of a substance from region 1 with chemical…

Q: Which, if any of the following, constitute a closed system? (a) A sealed container in which a…

A: A closed system is one in which no matter can enter or leave, but energy can be exchanged with the…

Q: Estimate the change in the Gibbs energy of 2 g of Argon when  the pressure  is increased from 760…

A: Gibbs free energy depands number of moles, Temperature and change in pressure

Q: The vapour pressure of n-propanol is 1.94 kPA at 293 K and 31.86 kPa at 343 K. Estimate the enthalpy…

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Q: Without carrying out an explicit calculation, explain there lative values of the standard molar…

A: Standard Molar Entropy In chemistry, the standard molar entropy is the entropy content of one mole…

Q: Calculate the difference in Gibbs energy of a perfect gas if the pressure is increased by 20% at…

A: Gibbs free Energy (ΔG): In a reversible system at constant temperature and pressure, Gibbs energy is…

Q: Suppose that 6.5 mmol argon gas occupies 42 cm^3 at 298 K and expands isothermally to 162 cm^3.…

A: Given: Moles of argon gas   = 6.5 mmol Initial volume of gas = 42 cm3 Final volume of gas  = 162 cm3…

Q: The change in the molar volume accompanying fusion of solid benzene is 0.5 cm³/mol. Determine the…

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Q: How does the Gibbs energy of a pure material change with increasing the temperature at constant…

A: Given condition is pressure remains constant and we have to see the changes in Gibbs free energy…

Q: Why does the chemical potential vary with (a) temperature, (b) pressure?

A: The chemical potential of any substance varies with changes in temperature. It is also dependent on…

Q: Using thermody aynam ic: erms of entropy, change. Describe briefly the meaning of the term Gibbs…

A: a)  Entropy of the universe is always increasing, for the spontaneous process.  The entropy of the…

Q: The change in the Gibbs energy of a certain constant-pressure process was found to fit the…

A: We need to find delta(S) from delta(G).

Q: The mole fraction of cyclohexane in the vapor phase exceeds 0.50 when it is in equilibrium with…

A: Answer: Cyclohexane and benzene mixing would form an ideal solution, where vapor pressure of…

Q: strategy for calculating the entropy of vaporisation of propanone at 298 K

A: Entropy, ∆S = ∆Hvap / T  where, ∆Hvap = Change in enthalpy due to vaporization, T = Temperature at…

Q: Calculate the standard reaction entropy at 298k of: (a) Zn(s) +Cu (aq)Zn (aq) + Cu(s) (b) CH,O(s)…

A: Entropy is the measure of randomness. And molar entropy is the entropy of 1 mole of the substance…

Q: Estimate the change in the Gibbs energy of 100cm3 of water when the pressure acting on it is…

A: Volume of water = 100cm^3 Initial pressure = 100kPa Final Pressure = 500kPa Mass density of water =…

Q: Derive the thermodynamic equation of state au V (BP - aT) ӘР

A: We have to derive the thermodynamic equation of the state  ∂U∂PT = VβP - αT. Introduction: We know…

Q: [3] (b) Formulate the criteria of spontaneity at constant volume and pressure by using the Helmholtz…

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Q: Consider a container of volume 100 L which is divided by the partition into the two compartments of…

A: The formula for Gibbs energy of mixing is- ∆mixG=nRT(xAln xA+xBln xB)…

Q: Calculate the change in chemical potential of a perfect gas when its pressure is increased…

A: The change in chemical potential (molar Gibb's free energy change) of a perfect gas can be…

Q: Derive a formula for the molar Gibbs free energy change

A: In this question we have to derive a formula for the molar Gibbs free energy change of a closed…

Q: The vapor pressure of benzene is 15.3 kPa at 303K and 52kPa at 333K. Calculate the average heat of…

A: The average heat of vaporization can be calculate using Clausius-Clapeyron Equation. The equation…

Q: For this heterogeneous system 2A(aq)+3B(g)+C(l)↽−−⇀2D(s)+3E(g) the concentrations and pressures at…

A: Given  2A(aq) + 3B(g) + C(l) <---------> 2D(s) + 3E(g) [A] = 1.35 * 10-2 M pB = 8.62 * 103 Pa…

Q: Calculate the change in the molar Gibbs energy of nitrogen gas when its pressure is increased…

A: We have given that Temperature (T) = 298 K Initial pressure (Pi) = 1 atm Final pressure (Pf) = 50…

Q: A sample of water vapour at 200 °C is compressed isothermally from 288 cm³ to 67 cm³. What is the…

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Kinetic-Theory of Gases

Kinetic theory of gases is the model or method which was developed in the 19th century by Maxwell and Boltzmann. This is possible as the interatomic force which is of short-range forces that are important for solids and liquids can be neglected for gases. This theory or gas law gives a molecular interpretation of the pressure and temperature of a gas and is consistent with gas laws and Avogadro’s hypothesis. This theory is very helpful to correctly explain the specific heat capacities of many gases, kinetic energy and it also explains the transport qualities such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, and diffusion with molecular parameters. As stated in the kinetic-molecular theory, the temperature of a substance or gas particle is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles of that substance. When a substance is heated, some of the absorbed energy is stored within the particles, while some of the energy increases the motion of the particles, called average kinetic energy.