An economy begins in long-run equilibrium.   a. Consider the formulation of an oil cartel. Illustrate and explain how this affects prices and output over time. b. If the goal of the Fed is to stabilize the output, what should the Fed do with the money supply in response to this change? Illustrate and explain.

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Required Reserve and Excess Reserve Analysis

A required reserve is an amount of cash that banks must keep with themselves, which is certain percentage of the deposits made by their customers. Required reserve is a percentage of the bank's deposits that the respective bank must have on each overnight. The percentage rate is set and determined by the nation’s central bank. It is important to have such funds accumulated to meet its uncertain obligations, sudden liabilities and withdrawals. Required reserve is also known as reserve ratio. Reserve ratio is an important tool to control the money supply.